Table 1.
Parameter, variable, and function definitions and corresponding values used in the models.
| Symbol | Definition | Values/equations | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | |||
| N | Population size (IBM) | 10,000 | |
| μ | Mutation rate (IBM) | 0.005 | |
| Q | Probability that a female will mate with more than one male (Both) | 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1 | |
| α a | Shape parameter for post- and premating tradeoff (Both) | 1/20; 1/1,000 | |
| β a | Scale parameter for post- and premating tradeoff (Both) | 50; 2,500 | |
| ω | Width of optimality function which determines strength of selection; lower values result in stronger selection (IBM) | 50; 12.5; 1 | |
| C | Ejaculate depletion rate (IBM) | −0.2 | |
| Variables | x | Ejaculate investment (AM) | Evolves |
| m | Sperm trait (IBM) | Evolves | |
| f | Cryptic female choice trait (IBM) | Evolves | |
| s | Sperm number (IBM) | Evolves | |
| Functions | n r (x m ,x e ) | Expected mating success of mutant relative to a male at equilibrium (AM) | Equation 2 |
| v(x m ,x e ) | Expected fertilization success of mutant relative to a male at equilibrium (AM) | Equation 3 | |
| W(x m ,x e ) | Fitness of a mutant relative to a male at equilibrium (AM) | Equation 4 | |
| P(z i ) | Probability of male zi being selected for mating (IBM) | Equations 7 and 8 | |
| ψ(z i ,z j ) | Probability that male zi fertilizes an egg given male competitor zj (IBM) | Equation 9 |
Note. IBM = individual-based model; AM = analytical model; Both = used in both models.
aThe first value is for no tradeoff between s and m; the second value is with a trade-off between s and m. Values were changed to keep the same scale for total investment.