Table 3.
Have/want children a | No children/childfree | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Mean rank b | n | Mean rank b | U | p | PS c | |
Scale 1 d | 663 | 469.25 | 254 | 432.24 | 77403.00 | .056 | 0.540 |
Scale 2 d | 663 | 471.71 | 254 | 425.83 | 75776.50 | .019 | 0.550 |
Scale 3 d | 663 | 483.51 | 254 | 395.02 | 67949.50 | .001 | 0.597 |
The demographic category “undecided/alloparent” was collapsed into “Have/Want Children” to account for the ambiguity that these individuals may choose to have children.
Lower Mean Rank signifies more agreement with statements from the scale.
Probability of Superiority (PS) measured effect size as it does not expect nor require equal and normal distribution of data.
Scale 1 = Animal Rights/Animal Welfare; Scale 2 = General Attachment; Scale 3 = People Substituting (Johnson et al., 1992).