Table 2.

Maternal and Paternal Characteristics and Maternal Gestational Complications for Primiparas Aged 10–25 years, United States, 1990.

N	Age groups (years)
	≤15		16–20		21–25
	37,320		491,474		500,367
	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE
Demographic and behavioral factors
Age, years	14.62	0.003	18.39	0.002	22.97	0.002
Education, years	8.39	0.007	10.99	0.003	12.57	0.003
Married, %	11.41	0.166	37.83	0.070	71.56	0.064
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White, %	30.08	0.239	54.58	0.071	75.07	0.066
Non-Hispanic Black, %	44.93	0.260	22.52	0.060	8.40	0.042
Hispanic, %	20.32	0.210	17.71	0.055	8.75	0.043
Asian, %	1.48 a	0.063	1.60 a	0.018	5.13	0.034
Native American, %	1.30	0.059	1.08	0.015	0.30	0.008
Other, %	1.87	0.071	2.52	0.022	2.35	0.023
Cigaretes/day	0.96	0.022	2.14	0.009	1.75	0.008
Drinks/week	0.01	0.002	0.03	0.001	0.04	0.001
Month prenatal care began	4.31	0.012	3.50	0.003	2.73	0.002
Prenatal visits	8.79	0.025	10.23	0.006	12.12	0.006
Weight gain, lb	30.39	0.085	32.31	0.022	32.49	0.020
Father’s age, years	18.95	0.026	21.82	0.007	26.08	0.007
Father’s education, years	9.85	0.024	11.20	0.005	12.54	0.004
Gestational complications
Anemia, %	3.11	0.093	2.30	0.022	1.52	0.018
Eclampsia, %	1.03	0.054	0.71	0.012	0.59	0.011
Gestational hypertension, %	4.15	0.106	3.84	0.028	4.18	0.029
Diabetes, %	0.44	0.035	0.90	0.014	1.72	0.019
Pregnancy bleeding, %	0.49	0.039	0.62	0.012	0.71	0.013

Raw means are tested for age-related differences without controls. For gestational complications, bold text denotes whether the 16–20 years or 21–25 years group had significantly better outcomes.

^a All are significantly different, p < .001, except where indicated by the same superscript “a.”