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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 11.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2023 May 11;93(4):335–349. doi: 10.1037/ort0000677

Table 5:

Differences between demographic groups in barriers discussing sexuality with healthcare providers

Thematic clusters
Effect Estimate (Std. Error)
Predictor X Judgement Not
Difficult
Fear Awkwardness Embarrassment Nothing Lack of Trust
Continuous predictors
Age 0.003 (0.040) 0.040 (0.050) 0.011 (0.035) −0.022 (0.041) −0.162 (0.088) −0.037 (0.048) 0.087 (0.046)* 0.039 (0.033)
Gender Typicality 0.002 (0.006) −0.002 (0.008) 0.012 (0.008) −0.005 (0.005) −0.005 (0.007) 0.012 (0.008) −0.019 (0.007)*** −0.002 (0.006)
Heritage Acculturation −0.046 (0.035) −0.002 (0.050) 0.010 (0.035) 0.018 (0.032) −0.013 (0.042) 0.074 (0.044)* −0.049 (0.052) −0.024 (0.030)
Mainstream Acculturation 0.020 (0.034) 0.030 (0.049) 0.065 (0.035)* −0.056 (0.030)* 0.007 (0.040) −0.001 (0.039) 0.002 (0.005) −0.019 (0.028)
Religiosity total −0.011 (0.033) −0.083 (0.051) 0.015 (0.031) −0.046 (0.031) 0.009 (0.040) −0.017 (0.039) −0.725 (0.005) 0.040 (0.028)
Categorical predictors
Parental SES (reference group: ≤ High school degree) College or technical degree −0.242 (0.350) 0.046 (0.544) 0.103 (0.380) −0.519 (0.308)* 0.554 (0.515) 0.462 (0.489) 1.12 (0.779) −0.100 (0.339)
Graduate degree −0.648 (0.399) 0314 (0.579) 0.278 (0.402) −1.006 (0.356)*** 0.253 (0.551) 0.587 (0.512) 1.013 (0.819) 0.370 (0.353)
Gender/sex (reference group: Female) Male 0.281 (0.252) −1.922 (0.618)*** 0.518 (0.232)** −0.253 (0.241) −0.441 (0.328) 0.750 (0.283)*** 0.054 (0.402) −0.371 (0.228)
Sexual Orientation (reference group: Heterosexual) Bisexual 0.233 (0.351) −0.053 (0.528) 0.020 (0.381) 0.0399 (0.305) −0.388 (0.459) 0.975 (0.401)** 0.414 (0.483) −0.926 (0.362)**
Mostly heterosexual −0.259 (0.346) 0.379 (0.411) −0.044 (0.311) 0.055 (0.288) −0.619 (0.434) 0.695 (0.345)** −0.019 (0.500) −0.055 (0.265)
Other 0.861 (0.879) 0.598 (1.156) −0.088 (1.133) 0.643 (0.789) N/A 1.243 (1.142) N/A N/A
Race (reference group: white) Non-white −0.355 (0.294) −0.291 (0.422) 0.098 (0.293) 0.419 (0.271) 0.095 (0.365) −0.101 (0.334) −0.415 (0.434) 0.085 (0.264)
Religion in family of origin (reference group: Protestant) Evangelical −0.783 (0.395)** 0.156 (0.527) 0.542 (0.359) 0.260 (0.351) 0.029 (0.501) 0.044 (0.509) −0.534 (0.619) −0.054 (0.343)
Non-denominational Christian −0.477 (0.391) −0.425 (0.593) −0.025 (0.411) 0.320 (0.366) 0.403 (0.485) 0.453 (0.489) 0.121 (0.549) −0.072 (0.352)
Catholic −0.963 (0.338)*** −0.349 (0.471) 0.306 (0.312) −0.106 (0.313) 0.343 (0.400) 0.550 (0.401) −0.148 (0.483) 0.215 (0.272)
Other −0.242 (0.506) −0.450 (0.853) 0.551 (0.514) 0.523 (0.474) −0.290 (0.825) 0.335 (0.651) −1.213 (1.108) −0.220 (0.517)
None/Agnostic −0.180 (0.572) 0.455 (0.769) 0.468 (0.581) 0.169 (0.589) 0.985 (0.665) 1.23 (0.632)* N/A −2.060 (1.056)*
Atheist −0.604 (0.467) −1.343 (0.844) −0.189 (0.518) −0.071 (0.429) 0.695 (0.557) 0.485 (0.529) −0.167 (0.752) 0.524 (0.393)

Note: Cells with N/A indicate there were no participants in that demographic group who endorsed that thematic cluster.

p < 0.001 is indicated by ***;

p < 0.01 is indicated by **;

p < 0.05 is indicated by *