Table 2.
Patient characteristics according to their gonadal status
| Variable | TT ≥ 300 ng/dL | TT < 300 ng/dL | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BT ≥ 80 ng/dL (n = 1080) | BT < 80 ng/dL (n = 112) | BT ≥ 80 ng/dL (n = 89) | BT < 80 ng/dL (n = 61) | p value | Pairwise comparisons* | |
| Group name | T+B+ | T+B− | T−B+ | T−B− | ||
| Age, median (25th–75th percentile), years | 63.9 (59.5–68.0) | 68.2 (64.9–71.3) | 64.2 (59.8–67.8) | 66.6 (62.7–69.2) | < 0.0001 | α τ υ |
| Ethnic group, Caucasian (%) | 919 (88.5) | 96 (90.6) | 81 (92.0) | 54 (93.1) | 0.52 | |
| Metabolic syndrome parameters, median | ||||||
| Height, median (25th–75th percentile), cm | 175.0 (170.0–180.0) | 175.0 (170.2–180.0) | 175.0 (170.5–180.0) | 175.0 (170.0–180.0) | 0.55 | |
| Weight, median (25th–75th percentile), kg | 80.0 (73.0–88.0) | 81.0 (73.0–91.1) | 86.3 (78.0–96.6) | 87.0 (79.5–102.0) | < 0.0001 | ε τ υ π |
| Waist circumference, median (25th–75th percentile), cm† | 99.0 (93.6–105) | 101.0 (93.0–110.0) | 105.0 (98.2–112.0) | 106.0 (99.0–118.0) | < 0.0001 | |
| BMI, median (25th–75th percentile), kg/m2 | 26.1 (24.3–28.4) | 26.2 (24.5–29.4) | 28.1 (25.3–30.6) | 29.8 (26.2–33.1) | < 0.0001 | ε τ υ π |
| Fat mass (25th–75th percentile), percentage of weight‡ | 25.0 (21.0–29.0) | 25.2 (21.6–31.0) | 28.0 (22.9–32.0) | 28.6 (23.3–32.0) | < 0.0001 | ε τ |
| Obese (BMI ≥30), no. (%) | 149 (13.8) | 23 (20.5) | 25 (28.1) | 29 (47.5) | < 0.0001 | ε τ π κ |
| Cardiovascular disease, no. (%) | 82 (7.7) | 9 (8.1) | 15 (17.0) | 7 (11.5) | 0.042 | ε |
| Hypertension, no. (%) | 362 (33.9) | 53 (48.2) | 43 (48.3) | 29 (47.5) | 0.044 | α ε |
| Diabetes, no. (%) | 107 (9.4) | 9 (8.1) | 14 (15.9) | 9 (14.8) | 0.16 | |
| FBG, median (25th–75th percentile), mg/dL | 93.0 (84.0–104.0) | 93.0 (87.0–106.0) | 100.0 (84.0–120.0) | 100.0 (90.0–112.0) | 0.03 | ε τ |
| Triglycerides, median (25th–75th percentile), mg/dL | 127.0 (97.0–172.0) | 105.0 (84.0–144.0) | 145.0 (100.0–202.0) | 125.0 (95.0–154.0) | 0.007 | α υ |
| Total cholesterol, median (25th–75th percentile), mg/dL | 192.0 (128.0–219.0) | 190.0 (169.2–213.0) | 188.0 (161.0–217.0) | 187.0 (165.0–207.5) | 0.28 | |
| HDL cholesterol, median (25th–75th percentile), mg/dL | 49.0 (41.0–58.0) | 52.0 (44.0–63.0) | 45.0 (35.0–58.0) | 49.0 (38.2–57.8) | 0.022 | υ |
| Clinicopathological parameters | ||||||
| PSA, median (25th–75th percentile), ng/mL | 7.0 (5.4–9.7) | 7.6 (5.9–10.3) | 7.0 (5.5–10.0) | 7.5 (5.8–12.3) | 0.15 | |
| Clinical stage, T1c, no. (%) | 519 (54.5) | 48 (48.5) | 39 (50.6) | 22 (37.9) | 0.07 | |
| PrdGP4 on biopsy, no. (%) | 221 (20.8) | 29 (26.8) | 18 (20.4) | 11 (18.3) | 0.47 | |
| Prostate weight, median (25th–75th percentile), g | 47.0 (37.7–59.6) | 48.0 (39.2–59.0) | 43.0 (34.0–55.4) | 50.7 (20.7) | 0.17 | |
| PrdGP4 on prostate specimen, no. (%) | 323 (29.9) | 46 (41.1) | 32 (36.0) | 29 (47.5) | 0.004 | τ |
| pT ≥ 3a, no. (%) | 325 (30.2) | 43 (38.4) | 30 (34.1) | 27 (44.3) | 0.009 | α τ |
| pN ≥ 1, no. (%) | 36 (6.9) | 2 (3.6) | 2 (3.8) | 5 (16.1) | 0.16 | |
| pR1, no. (%) | 252 (30.2) | 28 (29.8) | 24 (30.8) | 19 (43.2) | 0.37 | |
| Hormonal values | ||||||
| FSH, median (25th–75th percentile), mUI/mL | 5.58 (3.58–8.19) | 5.70 (3.60–11.10) | 4.67 (3.12–7.83) | 4.86 (3.03–7.50) | 0.12 | |
| LH, median (25th–75th percentile), mUI/mL | 4.23 (2.97–6.00) | 4.13 (2.81–6.59) | 3.52 (2.14–5.34) | 2.67 (1.57–5.02) | < 0.0001 | ε τ π |
| DHEA, median (25th–75th percentile), ng/mL | 2.29 (1.49–3.52) | 1.90 (1.37–3.38) | 2.24 (1.29–3.64) | 1.61 (1.03–2.62) | 0.001 | τ |
| ∆5, median (25th–75th percentile), ng/dL | 86 (63–115) | 74 (54–90) | 53 (42–68) | 50 (30–63) | < 0.0001 | α ε τ υ π |
| ∆4, median (25th–75th percentile), ng/dL | 97 (76–123) | 89 (67–122) | 82 (62–113) | 64 (49–91) | < 0.0001 | ε τ π |
| SHBG, median (25th–75th percentile), μg/mL | 2.77 (2.21–3.90) | 4.71 (3.99–5.95) | 1.56 (1.22–2.00) | 2.47 (2.07–2.94) | <0.0001 | α ε τ υ π κ |
| TT, median (25th–75th percentile), ng/dL | 494 (406–597) | 420 (361–494) | 274 (248–288) | 247 (198–280) | <0.0001 | α ε τ π |
| BT, median (25th–75th percentile), ng/dL | 131 (108–163) | 68 (62–76) | 100 (91–119) | 69 (55–75) | <0.0001 | α ε τ υ κ |
| FT, median (25th–75th percentile), ng/mL | 0.080 (0.066–0.100) | 0.042 (0.038–0.046) | 0.062 (0.056–0.073) | 0.042 (0.034–0.046) | <0.0001 | α ε τ υ κ |
| DHT, median (25th–75th percentile), ng/dL | 41 (33–54) | 42 (33–53) | 22 (18–26) | 24 (16–29) | <0.0001 | ε τ υ π |
| E2, median (25th–75th percentile), pg/mL | 25.7 (21.4–31.2) | 22.4 (18.3–27.6) | 18.7 (16.2–23.2) | 19.3 (15.0–23.0) | <0.0001 | α ε τ υ π |
| E1, median (25th–75th percentile), pg/mL | 31.6 (25.4–40.3) | 31.5 (25.8–41.4) | 26.6 (20.0–33.6) | 29.7 (22.8–38.6) | 0.001 | ε υ |
| DHEA-S, median (25th–75th percentile), μg/dL | 81.7 (53.4–128.0) | 76.6 (48.9–106.9 | 97.8 (49.0–159.4) | 77.2 (54.0–104.7) | 0.31 | |
| Gonadal status scores | ||||||
| IIEF-5 score, median (25th–75th percentile) | 23.0 (18.0–27.0) | 21.0 (17.0–25.0) | 22.0 (16.5–26.5) | 19.0 (11.0–25.0) | 0.001 | τ |
| AMS global score, median (25th–75th percentile) | 30.0 (24.8–38.0) | 31.0 (25.0–38.0) | 31.0 (26.8–40.0) | 35.0 (24.0–41.0) | 0.28 | |
| AMS somatic score, median (25th–75th percentile) | 13.0 (9.0–16.0) | 13.0 (9.8–16.0) | 14.0 (11.0–17.0) | 13.0 (9.0–17.0) | 0.21 | |
| AMS psychological score, median (25th–75th percentile) | 8.0 (6.0–10.0) | 7.0 (6.0–10.0) | 8.0 (5.0–12.0) | 7.0 (5.0–10.0) | 0.77 | |
| AMS sexual score, median (25th–75th percentile) | 10.0 (7.0–13.0) | 10.0 (8.0–13.0) | 10.0 (8.0–12.2) | 12.0 (7.0–15.0) | 0.023 | ε π |
AMS, aging male symptom scale; BMI, body mass index; BT, bioavailable testosterone; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA-S, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; DHT, dihydrotestosterone; E1, estrone; E2, 17β-estradiol; FBG, fasting blood glucose; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; FT, free testosterone; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IIEF, International Index of Erectile Function 5-item questionnaire; LH, luteinizing hormone; PrdGP, predominant Gleason pattern; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; pN, pathologic nodal stage; pR1, microscopic residual disease at the longitudinal resection margin; pT, pathologic tumor stage; SHBG, sex hormone–binding globulin; TT, total testosterone; Δ5, androstenediol (D5); ∆4, androstenedione
*Pairwise comparisons: α, T+B+ vs. T+ B−; ε, T+B+ vs. T−B+; τ, T+B+ vs. T−B−; υ, T+B− vs. T−B+; π, T+B− vs. T−B−; κ, T−B+ vs. T−B−
†Data available for 1210 patients
‡Data available for 1278 patients