Table 1.
Study characteristics of participants included in the analysis stratified by sex.
| All (n = 4723) | East and Southern Africa (excluding Botswana and South Africa) (n = 2410) | Botswana and South Africa (n = 816) | West and Central Africa (n = 311) | Europe and North America (n = 505) | Asia-Pacific (n = 502) | Central and South America, and the Caribbean (n = 179) | |
| Median (IQR) or n (%) | |||||||
| Females | |||||||
| Total | 3230 | 1706 (53%) | 553 (17%) | 211 (7%) | 297 (9%) | 342 (11%) | 121 (4%) |
| Year of birth | 1999 (1997–2000) | 1999 (1998–2000) | 1998 (1997–2001) | 1998 (1997–1999) | 1997 (1995–1999) | 1999 (1998–2000) | 1998 (1997–2000) |
| At ART initiation | |||||||
| Calendar year | 2006 (2005–2008) | 2007 (2006–2008) | 2005 (2004–2007) | 2005 (2005–2007) | 2001 (1999–2004) | 2005 (2003–2007) | 2003 (2001–2004) |
| Age (years) | 7.7 (6.0–8.9) | 8.1 (6.8–9.1) | 7.8 (5.8–8.8) | 8.0 (6.6–9.0) | 5.3 (2.4–7.8) | 6.5 (5.0–7.9) | 4.1 (1.7–7.1) |
| First regimen | |||||||
| PI + ≥ 2NRTI | 266 (8%) | 23 (1%) | 29 (5%) | 17 (8%) | 143 (48%) | 4 (1%) | 50 (41%) |
| NNRTI + ≥2 NRTI | 2939 (91%) | 1,671 (98%) | 524 (95%) | 194 (92%) | 143 (48%) | 336 (98%) | 71 (59%) |
| 3 NRTIs including abacavir | 25 (<1%) | 12 (<1%) | 0 | 0 | 11 (4%) | 2 (<1%) | 0 |
| Height-for-age z-score | −2.0 (−2.9 to −1.1) | −2.1 (−3.0 to −1.2) | −2.0 (−2.7 to −1.2) | −1.6 (−2.6 to −0.6) | −1.0 (−1.7 to 0.0) | −2.3 (−3.3 to −1.5) | −1.8 (−2.7 to −0.9) |
| Weight-for-age z-score | −1.7 (−2.7 to −0.8) | −1.8 (−2.8 to −1.0) | −1.6 (−2.4 to −0.8) | −1.9 (−3.1 to −0.9) | −0.5 (−1.2 to 0.3) | −2.1 (−3.3 to −1.1) | −1.3 (−2.4 to −0.5) |
| BMI-for-age z-score | −0.6 (−1.5 to 0.1) | −0.8 (−1.7 to 0.1) | −0.5 (−1.3 to 0.2) | −1.3 (−2.2 to −0.4) | 0.1 (−0.6 to 0.9) | −0.9 (−1.7 to −0.1) | −0.4 (−1.2 to 0.6) |
| Males | |||||||
| Total | 1493 | 704 (47%) | 263 (18%) | 100 (7%) | 208 (14%) | 160 (11%) | 58 (4%) |
| Year of birth | 1998 (1996–1999) | 1998 (1997–1999) | 1997 (1996–1999) | 1997 (1996–1998) | 1996 (1993–1997) | 1998 (1997–1999) | 1998 (1996–1998) |
| At ART initiation | |||||||
| Calendar year | 2005 (2004–2006) | 2006 (2005–2007) | 2005 (2004–2006) | 2005 (2005–2006) | 2000 (1998–2003) | 2005 (2003–2006) | 2002 (2001–2004) |
| Age (years) | 8.0 (6.6–9.1) | 8.4 (7.4–9.3) | 8.1 (6.4–9.1) | 8.6 (7.6–9.4) | 5.7 (3.2–8.0) | 7.1 (5.9–8.2) | 5.7 (4.0–7.5) |
| First regimen | |||||||
| PI + ≥2 NRTI | 182 (12%) | 27 (4%) | 13 (5%) | 14 (14%) | 108 (52%) | 1 (<1%) | 19 (33%) |
| NNRTI + ≥2 NRTI | 1293 (87%) | 674 (96%) | 250 (95%) | 86 (86%) | 88 (44%) | 159 (99%) | 36 (62%) |
| 3 NRTIs including abacavir | 18 (1%) | 3 (<1%) | 0 | 0 | 12 (6%) | 0 | 3 (5%) |
| Height-for-age z-score | −1.8 (−2.8 to −1.0) | −2.1 (−2.9 to −1.2) | −1.8 (−2.7 to −1.1) | −1.6 (−2.7 to −0.8) | −0.8 (−1.4 to 0.1) | −2.5 (−3.3 to −1.6) | −1.8 (−2.7 to −1.2) |
| Weight-for-age z-score | −1.8 (−2.8 to −0.8) | −2.0 (−3.0 to −1.2) | −1.6 (−2.5 to −0.9) | −2.0 (−2.8 to −1.2) | −0.2 (−1.0 to 0.6) | −2.5 (−3.5 to −1.4) | −1.5 (−2.6 to −0.6) |
| BMI-for-age z-score | −0.7 (−1.6 to 0.1) | −0.8 (−1.8 to 0.0) | −0.7 (−1.4 to 0.2) | −1.5 (−2.2 to −0.7) | 0.3 (−0.5 to 1.1) | −1.0 (−1.9 to −0.1) | −0.3 (−1.3 to 0.3) |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NRTI, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PI, boosted protease inhibitor.