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. 2023 Jun 7;37(10):1545–1553. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000003620

Table 3.

Multivariable associations between participant characteristics and preferring to remain on current regimen rather than long-acting antiretroviral therapy, measured in three separate logistic regressions.

Adjusted odds ratio 95% CI P-value
Sociodemographic characteristics regression
 Washington State 0.40 (0.15–1.02) 0.05
 Atlanta Reference
 Age <30 0.20 (0.04–0.95) 0.04
 Age 30-49 0.42 (0.23–0.76) <0.01
 Age 50+ Reference
 Black racea 0.77 (0.33–1.78) 0.54
 Other racea 1.01 (0.37–2.75) 0.98
 Hispanic ethnicity 0.97 (0.31–2.98) 0.95
 Female gender 1.18 (0.63–2.23) 0.60
 Transgenderb 1.09 (0.21–5.79) 0.92
 Heterosexual 0.89 (0.46–1.71) 0.72
 Education – high school or less 3.40 (1.91–6.05) <0.01
 Work full time 0.79 (0.33–1.88) 0.60
 Income <$2000/month 1.13 (0.47–2.74) 0.78
 PNTS – income or work 1.51 (0.59–3.86) 0.39
 PNTS – education 3.65 (1.11–12.03) 0.03
 PNTS – identity-relatedc 0.64 (0.22–1.86) 0.41
HIV-related characteristics regression
 ART for <5 years 0.56 (0.21–1.51) 0.25
 Viral load ≤40 copies/ml 0.88 (0.36–2.17) 0.79
 CD4+ count <200 cells/μl 0.75 (0.24–2.29) 0.61
 CD4+ count 200–349 cells/μl 1.15 (0.54–2.42) 0.72
 Past HIV regimens: 0 or 1 1.44 (0.85–2.44) 0.18
 AIDS ever diagnosed 0.88 (0.53–1.47) 0.63
 Good adherenced 2.38 (1.34–4.23) <0.01
 Get to clinic easily 1.45 (0.78–2.70) 0.24
 No consent to link chart data 1.78 (0.48–6.54) 0.39
 PNTS – HIV-relatede 3.33 (0.84–13.10) 0.09
 PNTS – AIDS ever diagnosed 0.50 (0.06–4.28) 0.52
Other health-related characteristics regression
 Injection drug use 0.90 (0.29–2.75) 0.85
 Pills for non-HIV per day: 0 or 1 0.95 (0.54–1.65) 0.84
 Aversion to injectionsf 3.03 (1.75–5.23) <0.01
 Substance useg
  Tobacco 2.20 (1.23–3.95) 0.01
  Alcohol 2.81 (1.43–5.50) <0.01
  Marijuana 1.28 (0.25–6.67) 0.77
  Otherh 1.24 (0.44–3.50) 0.68
 Mental health disordersg
  Depressivei 1.40 (0.79–2.50) 0.25
  Anxiety 0.44 (0.19–0.99) 0.05
  PTSD 0.86 (0.22–3.39) 0.83
  Psychosis 0.46 (0.10–2.16) 0.33
 No consent to link chart data 2.26 (0.77–6.68) 0.14
 PNTS – other health-relatedj 5.31 (1.55–18.22) 0.01

Results of three separate multivariable logistic regressions (i.e., one for each category presented above), with a binary dependent variable equal to 1 if the participant chose to remain on their current therapy in 100% of choice scenarios in a discrete choice experiment examining preferences for long-acting antiretroviral therapies among 700 people living with HIV age 18+ in Washington State and Atlanta, Georgia. All three regressions used robust standard errors. ART, antiretroviral therapy; PNTS, prefer not to say; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder.

a

Race categories were not mutually exclusive.

b

Transgender were individuals who self-reported as a trans man or trans woman.

c

Identity-related characteristics included gender, sexual orientation, and race.

d

Good adherence was defined as reporting to always or almost always take ART as instructed.

e

HIV-related characteristics (preferred not to disclose) included ART initiation year, HIV diagnosis year, number of past regimens, ART adherence, and getting to clinic easily.

f

Aversion to injections was defined as reporting to strongly agree or somewhat agree with the statement ‘I HATE getting injections and try to avoid getting them whenever possible.’

g

Substance use and mental health disorders were extracted from medical chart review.

h

Other substances consist of benzodiazepines, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamines, opioids, or “other.”

i

Depressive mental health disorders included bipolar, dysthymia, depression, mood, and suicidality.

j

Other health-related characteristics (preferred not to disclose) included number of non-HIV pills, and aversion to injections.