Table 3.
Functional implications of RAGE gene polymorphisms in cancer
| RAGE gene polymorphisms (variant genotypes) |
Functional implications of polymorphisms in cancer | References |
|---|---|---|
| G82S | Enhanced risk of gastric cancer and invasion (Chinese population) | [221] |
| G82S | promotes N-linked glycosylation of Asn81 with structural implications in the ligand binding region of RAGE | [222] |
| 2429 T/C, 2374 T/A, 82G/S (Gly82Ser) | all the polymorphic genotypes associated with susceptibility for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); (Chinese cohort) 82G/S polymorphisms - increased NSCLC risk, lower chemotherapy response rate and poor prognosis | [223] |
| rs184003 | Potential role in breast cancer development (North-eastern Han Chinese) | [224] |
| Gly82Ser | Enhanced risk and invasion of colorectal cancer (Chinese population) | [225] |
| rs1800625 | Increased risk of Hepatocellular carcinoma; (Taiwanese population) significant correlation with the early stage of liver tumorigenesis | [226] |
| rs1800625 | Confers higher risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (Taiwanese population); seen with increased tumour size and in advanced cancer stages; interaction between this RAGE gene variant and environmental carcinogens—predisposing factor for oral carcinogenesis; | [227] |
| 82G/S and -374T/A | 82G/S—related to substantially augmented cancer risk, in Asians and lung cancer patients; -374T/A—related to attenuated cancer risk, in Caucasians, lung and breast cancer patients | [228] |
| rs2070600 (82G/S), rs1800624 (-374T/A) | rs2070600—potential increased susceptibility to most cancers, mainly lung and to Asians; rs1800624—most likely confers decreased susceptibility to breast cancer and increased risk to lung cancer | [229] |
| Gly82Ser, -374T/A | Gly82Ser—related to lung cancer susceptibility; Gly82Ser and -374T/A—linked with increased cancer risk, mainly in Asians | [230] |
| rs1800624, rs1800625, rs2070600 | Significantly associated with breast cancer risk; (Han Chinese population) carriers of rs1800624 A allele—1.51 times more likely to develop breast cancer | [231] |
| rs184003, rs2070600 (G82S) | Considerably linked with gastric cancer risk; (Chinese population) sRAGE levels decreased in gastric cancer patients than healthy controls; rs2070600 AG genotype—decreased ability to produce sRAGE rs184003 T genotype—increased ability to sRAGE | [232] |
| Gly82Ser (rs2070600) | CC genotype: strong link with higher sRAGE levels; CT genotype: lower or decreased sRAGE levels (Dutch population) | [233] |