Table 2.
Studies examining associations of neighborhood and/or residential factors and breast cancer outcomes
| First author (year) | Factor | Outcome | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barrett (2008) | Neighborhood SES change | Probability of distant metastasis at diagnosis | Greater odds of distant breast metastasis was associated with upward neighborhood SES change |
| Barry (2012) | Residential poverty | Late stage diagnosis | Greater odds of being diagnosed in high-poverty areas |
| Cheng (2015) | Neighborhood SES | Mortality | Nonlinear positive association between neighborhood SES and mortality |
| Dai (2010) | Residential segregation and spatial access to healthcare | Variation in late stage diagnosis | Late stage cancer diagnosis was significantly higher in areas with poor mammography access and areas with higher Black residential segregation |
| Echeverria (2009) | Neighborhood index | Staging risk | Odds of late stage diagnosis were high in African American women by a marginal significance when compared to neighborhood index |
| Flores (2013) | Neighborhood SES | Changes in stage at diagnosis | No significant differences observed in percent change stage of diagnosis and income level |
| Haas (2008) | Residential segregation | Diagnosis of early versus late stage cancer | For combination of low and high segregation and low and high income the odds of early stage diagnosis were lower in Black women compared to White women |
| Lian (2015) | Census-tract-level socioeconomicdeprivation index | All-cause death and breast cancer-specific death | African American women with non-metastatic invasive breast cancer had higher risk in both breast cancer and non-breast cancer mortality |
| London (2003)* | Eesidential magnetic field exposure | Incidence | Breast cancer risk was not appreciably associated with broadband magnetic field measurements |
| Mandelblatt (1995) | Neighborhood SES | Stage at diagnosis | African American women were 34% more likely to be diagnosed at late stage than White women before controlling for area SES |
| Marcus (1998)* | Trihalomethane levels | Incidence | Rate ratios suggest little risk to breast cancer incidence when exposed to differing levels of trihalomethane |
| McLafferty (2011) | Neighborhood SES | Late stage risk | Odds of late stage diagnosis were roughly 20% higher for Black breast cancer patients living in suburban areas and other metropolitan areas compared to women of similar age who live in socioeconomically similar communities in Chicago |
| Merkin (2002) | Residential area SES | Advance stage | No significant differences observed neighborhood SES and advance stage breast cancer but individual characteristics were significant for Black women |
| Pruitt (2015) | Residential segregation | Mortality | Higher Black segregation and higher Hispanic segregation were associated with higher all-cause mortality |
| Russell (2011) | Residential segregation | Breast cancer and all-cause mortality | Black women had high breast cancer mortality when living in segregated areas |
| Russell (2012) | Neighborhood residential racial composition | Mortality and survival time | Elevated risk for breast cancer-specific mortality among Blacks in segregated metropolitan areas |
| Shariff-Marco (2014) | Neighborhood SES | Survival | All-cause survival was show to be significantly worse in Black women living in low SES neighborhoods regardless of education |
| Warner (2010) | Neighborhood racial composition and residential segregation | Stage at diagnosis and all-cause mortality | Higher odds of distant stage among Black women living in low % Black neighborhoods within the most segregated metropolitan regions |
*Studied showed no eff