Table 3:

Weighted penalized (Firth correction) logistic regression models of ACEs at Wave 1 predicting past-year alcohol abuse at Wave 3.

	Main Effects Total Samplea	Main Effects Whiteb	Main Effects Blackb	Main Effects Latinxb
ACEs at Wave 1	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	Diff.
Traditional
Pushed, grabbed, slapped, or hit hard	1.23 [0.97, 1.54]	1.88 [1.38, 2.53] *	2.04 [0.95, 4.07]	0.71 [0.44, 1.12]	LW
Touched in unwanted sexual way	1.74 [1.25, 2.39] *	1.50 [0.95, 2.31]	1.16 [0.32, 3.39]	2.04 [1.12, 3.56]c
Household members hurt or threaten to hurt each other	1.02 [0.80, 1.29]	0.45 [0.28, 0.71] *	1.15 [0.58, 2.12]	1.71 [1.23, 2.36]c	LW
Parents or guardians were ever separated or divorced	1.51 [1.29, 1.77] *	1.58 [1.28, 1.96] *	1.10 [0.71, 1.68]	1.50 [1.11, 2.03]c
Felt unsupported, unloved and/or unprotected	1.08 [0.95, 1.22]	0.81 [0.68, 0.97]c	1.17 [0.80, 1.72]	1.52 [1.21, 1.91] *	LW
Cumulative traditional ACEs	1.18 [1.12, 1.24] *	1.20 [1.12, 1.28] *	1.20 [1.01, 1.42]c	1.13 [1.03, 1.23]c
Expanded
Foster care	1.02 [0.43, 2.13]	4.44 [1.76, 10.30]c	0.60 [0.00, 5.85]	0.05 [0.00, 0.37] *	LW
Arrested or incarcerated	0.80 [0.66, 0.96]c	1.13 [0.88, 1.43]	0.91 [0.50, 1.58]	0.31 [0.20, 0.46] *	LW
Poverty	0.91 [0.79, 1.05]	0.92 [0.75, 1.12]	1.65 [1.12, 2.42]c	0.64 [0.50, 0.82] *

Notes: Diff.: Difference tests across racial/ethnic groups.

^*Odds ratio statistically significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05/20 in the total sample; p < 0.05/60 in models with two-way interactions); ^BW significant difference between Black and White youth; ^LW significant difference between Latinx and White youth; ^BL significant difference between Black and Latinx youth. Four different models were estimated: One where all traditional ACEs were included simultaneously, one where traditional ACEs were included as a cumulative score, one where all expanded ACEs were included simultaneously, and one where expanded ACEs were included as a cumulative score. All models adjusted for youth age and sex, family income, parental education, and parental marital status, all measured at Wave 1.

^aAnalyses in the total sample also adjusted for race/ethnicity.

^bMain effects among White, Black, and Latinx youth were derived from models that included two-way interactions between race/ethnicity and ACEs (rather than estimating separate models for each racial/ethnic group).

^cOdds ratio statistically significant at conventional levels (p < 0.05) but not after adjusting for multiple comparisons.