Table 1.
Clinical and Echocardiographic Characteristics of Studied Subjects (n=361)
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Age, y | 61.4±10.6 |
| Sex, men | 208 (57.6) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.2±5.1 |
| Hypertension | 245 (67.9%) |
| Diabetes | 81 (22.4%) |
| Electrocardiogram | |
| RBBB | 125 (34.6%) |
| LBBB | 17 (4.7%) |
| LAHB | 108 (29.9%) |
| Primary T‐wave changes | 113 (31.3%) |
| Electric inactive areas | 30 (8.3%) |
| Low voltage | 27 (7.5%) |
| Cardiac device | 52 (14.4%) |
| Blood tests | |
| Urea, mg/dL | 39±16 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0±0.3 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 140.2±2.2 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 4.5±0.5 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 5.0±1.5 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.5±1.4 |
| 2D echocardiogram | |
| LA, cm | 3.9±0.6 |
| LA volume, mL/m2 | 34.3±14.9 |
| LVd, cm | 5.5±0.8 |
| LVs, cm | 3.6±1.2 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 57.9±13.9 |
| LV S′, cm/s | 7.2±1.9 |
| RV S′, cm/s | 12.6±2.8 |
| TAPSE, mm | 23.1±5.1 |
| PASP, mm Hg | 29.1±10.3 |
| E/A ratio | 1.1±0.7 |
| DT, ms | 192±55 |
| E′, cm/s | 7.7±2.7 |
| A′, cm/s | 8.9±2.7 |
| E/E′ ratio | 10.6±5.2 |
| LV aneurysm | 56 (15.5%) |
| 3DE | |
| Maximum LA volume, mL/m2 | 31.2±13.7 |
| Minimum LA volume, mL/m2 | 16.5±12.3 |
| Pre‐A LA volume, mL/m2 | 20.5±10.6 |
| LV end‐diastolic volume, mL/m2 | 67.0±27.1 |
| LV end‐systolic volume, mL/m2 | 34.7±24.1 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 51.7±13.7 |
| Strain | |
| LASct, % | −11.4±3.6 |
| LAScd, % | 10.9±4.4 |
| LASr, % | 21.7±6.4 |
| Peak LV‐GLS, % | −15.9±4.5 |
| Peak LV‐GCS, % | −16.6±5.9 |
| Peak LV‐GRS, % | 37.1±17.9 |
| Peak twist, degrees | 10.9±6.8 |
| Peak torsion, degrees/cm | 1.3±0.9 |
| RV‐fwLS, % | −21.4±5.5 |
Values are mean±SD or n (%). 2D, indicates 2‐dimensional; 3DE, 3‐dimensional echocardiogram; A, peak late wave diastolic filling velocity; A′, peak late diastolic mitral annulus velocity; DT, deceleration time; E, peak early wave diastolic filling velocity; E′, peak early diastolic mitral annulus velocity; GCS, global circumferential strain; GLS, global longitudinal strain; GRS, global radial strain; LA, left atrial; LAHB, left anterior hemiblock; LAScd, peak positive global LA strain; LASct, peak negative global LA strain; LASr, total global LA strain; LBBB, left bundle‐branch block; LV, left ventricular; LVd, LV end‐diastolic diameter; LVs, LV end‐systolic diameter; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; RBBB, right bundle‐branch block; RV, right ventricular; RV‐fwLS, RV free wall longitudinal strain; S′, peak systolic mitral annulus velocity; and TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane excursion.