Table 4.
Adjusted Associations Between 3DE, Strain, and Biomarkers Characteristics of Studied Subjects and the Studied Composite Event
| Variable | Adjusted analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P value | Harrell C index (95% CI) | |
| 3DE | ||||
| Maximum LA volume, mL/m2 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.41 | 0.84 (0.80–0.88) |
| Minimum LA volume, mL/m2 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.32 | 0.84 (0.80–0.88) |
| Pre‐A LA volume, mL/m2 | 1.02 | 0.99–1.04 | 0.16 | 0.85 (0.81–0.89) |
| LV end‐diastolic volume, mL/m2 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.02 | 0.019 | 0.85 (0.81–0.89) |
| LV end‐systolic volume, mL/m2 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.02 | 0.21 | 0.85 (0.80–0.89) |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 1.01 | 0.97–1.04 | 0.75 | 0.84 (0.80–0.89) |
| Strain | ||||
| LASct, % | 1.09 | 1.01–1.18 | 0.026 | 0.85 (0.81–0.89) |
| LAScd, % | 1.00 | 0.93–1.08 | 0.90 | 0.84 (0.80–0.88) |
| LASr, % | 0.97 | 0.92–1.02 | 0.24 | 0.84 (0.80–0.88) |
| Peak LV‐GLS, % | 0.98 | 0.88–1.09 | 0.71 | 0.84 (0.79–0.88) |
| Peak LV‐GCS, % | 1.13 | 1.04–1.21 | 0.002 | 0.85 (0.81–0.89) |
| Peak LV‐GRS, % | 0.99 | 0.97–1.02 | 0.67 | 0.84 (0.79–0.88) |
| Peak twist, degrees | 0.94 | 0.90–0.99 | 0.022 | 0.84 (0.79–0.88) |
| Peak torsion, degrees/cm | 0.56 | 0.37–0.84 | 0.006 | 0.84 (0.80–0.88) |
| RV‐fwLS, % | 0.97 | 0.92–1.02 | 0.23 | 0.85 (0.81–0.89) |
| Biomarkers | ||||
| Troponin I, ng/mL | 0.99 | 0.84–1.16 | 0.88 | 0.83 (0.79–0.88) |
| BNP, ng/mL | 1.94 | 0.99–3.82 | 0.05 | 0.84 (0.80–0.88) |
| TGF‐β1, ng/mL | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 | 0.51 | 0.85 (0.81–0.89) |
| TNF, pg/mL | 1.02 | 0.97–1.06 | 0.48 | 0.83 (0.79–0.88) |
| MMP‐2, ng/mL | 1.01 | 0.97–1.06 | 0.51 | 0.83 (0.79–0.88) |
| MMP‐9, ng/mL | 1.00 | 0.94–1.07 | 0.95 | 0.83 (0.79–0.88) |
| T cruzi PCR, % | 1.77 | 1.09–2.86 | 0.02 | 0.84 (0.79–0.88) |
| Parasitic load, par.Eq./mL | 1.01 | 0.98–1.03 | 0.55 | 0.83 (0.79–0.88) |
Multivariate models were adjusted for age, sex, LV ejection fraction, peak early wave diastolic filling velocity and peak early diastolic mitral annulus velocity ratio, RV peak systolic mitral annulus velocity, hypertension, and presence of a cardiac device and cardiac form at baseline. 3DE indicates 3‐dimensional echocardiogram; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; GCS, global circumferential strain; GLS, global longitudinal strain; GRS, global radial strain; HR, hazard ratio; LA, left atrial; LAScd, peak positive global LA strain; LASct, peak negative global LA strain; LASr, total global LA strain; LV, left ventricular; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; par.Eq., parasite equivalents per milliliter of blood; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RV, right ventricular; RV‐fwLS, RV free wall longitudinal strain; T cruzi, Trypanosoma cruzi; TGF‐β1, transforming growth factor β1; and TNF, tumor necrosis factor.