Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Parameter | PMR LVEFR (n=152) | PMR controls (n=575) | P value | SMR LVEFR (n=317) | SMR controls (n=1490) | P value | PMR vs SMR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P value | |||||||
| Age, mean±SD, y | 79.0±9.4 | 78.9±9.1 | 0.359 | 71.7±9.1 | 71.9±8.8 | 0.282 | <0.001 |
| Female sex, % | 37.8 | 38.1 | 0.429 | 50.1 | 49.7 | 0.223 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, % | 14.2 | 15.6 | 0.162 | 35.5 | 35.6 | 0.983 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 70.9 | 71.0 | 0.852 | 71.7 | 71.6 | 0.536 | 0.420 |
| Smoking, % | 25.4 | 25.7 | 0.293 | 36.8 | 36.7 | 0.691 | 0.004 |
| Dyslipidemia, % | 53.7 | 55.3 | 0.272 | 59.9 | 61.1 | 0.173 | 0.121 |
| Chronic kidney disease, % | 52.6 | 52.2 | 0.473 | 62.1 | 62.9 | 0.568 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, mean±SD, g/dL | 12.1±2.4 | 12.2±2.2 | 0.835 | 12.0±2.1 | 12.1±2.4 | 0.706 | 0.742 |
| Past cerebrovascular accident, % | 10.6 | 10.8 | 0.346 | 12.1 | 11.9 | 0.230 | 0.215 |
| Peripheral arterial disease, % | 10.7 | 10.9 | 0.453 | 16.4 | 16.6 | 0.325 | <0.001 |
| Anemia, % | 46.4 | 48.2 | 0.134 | 49.9 | 49.3 | 0.236 | 0.320 |
| COPD, % | 16.3 | 17.0 | 0.122 | 18.1 | 18.4 | 0.323 | 0.273 |
| Oncological disease, % | 19.3 | 18.2 | 0.146 | 13.5 | 13.1 | 0.542 | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease, % | 30.1 | 29.3 | 0.311 | 59.4 | 58.7 | 0.230 | <0.001 |
| Previous CABG, % | 17.8 | 18.0 | 0.572 | 27.9 | 28.1 | 0.446 | <0.001 |
| Past valvular surgery, % | 18.0 | 18.1 | 0.627 | 14.1 | 13.9 | 0.264 | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation, % | 61.5 | 61.1 | 0.276 | 52.4 | 51.9 | 0.204 | 0.002 |
| Pacemaker/ICD implant, % | 15.2 | 14.9 | 0.283 | 54.6 | 54.8 | 0.427 | <0.001 |
| NYHA baseline, % | 0.548 | ||||||
| Class I | 4.7 | 5.0 | 0.376 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 0.283 | |
| Class II | 18.9 | 21.2 | 20.2 | 19.6 | |||
| Class III | 58.3 | 53.8 | 58.5 | 54.7 | |||
| Class IV | 18.1 | 20.0 | 16.4 | 20.6 | |||
| STS score, mean±SD | 6.2±3.2 | 6.1±4.0 | 0.457 | 6.6±3.7 | 6.7±3.6 | 0.625 | <0.001 |
| EuroSCORE II, mean±SD | 7.4±3.4 | 7.5±3.7 | 0.822 | 7.8±4.1 | 7.9±3.7 | 0.183 | 0.002 |
| β‐Blockers, % | 66.1 | 66.2 | 0.862 | 88.8 | 85.1 | 0.120 | <0.001 |
| ACEi/ARB, % | 47.2 | 47.0 | 0.921 | 75.6 | 76.2 | 0.241 | <0.001 |
| MRA, % | 36.1 | 34.5 | 0.108 | 42.1 | 40.3 | 0.145 | <0.001 |
| ARNi, % | 2.6 | 2.5 | 0.324 | 9.8 | 10.2 | 0.322 | <0.001 |
| Diuretics, % | 80.1 | 81.2 | 0.422 | 92.1 | 92.2 | 0.945 | <0.001 |
| SGLT2i, % | 12.1 | 10.4 | 0.332 | 16.4 | 15.5 | 0.572 | <0.001 |
ACEi indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNi, angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICD, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator; LVEFR, left ventricular ejection fraction reduction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PMR, primary mitral regurgitation; SGLT2i, sodium‐glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor; SMR, secondary mitral regurgitation; and STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons.