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. 2023 Jun 19;9(7):1034–1043. doi: 10.1038/s41477-023-01445-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 8 — a–e Spatial and temporal changes in species (β) diversity. f–j Spatial and temporal changes in phylogenetic (β) diversity. Changes in beta diversity were based on species distribution models fitted using maximum entropy and estimated using Simpson dissimilarity index for grid cells across time. Differences in β-diversity for each metric are shown for T1: 2040–2050 and T2: 2090–2100 both under RCP8.5 (worst-case scenario). Positive values in c, e, h, and j indicate increasing dissimilarity (differentiation) and negative values correspond to decreasing dissimilarity (that is, homogenization). Temporal and spatial changes in beta diversity were calculated across marine ecoregions of the world. The maps are in the Mollweide projection.