Table 4.

Difference-in-Differences Results for Provider Productivity in Cardiology and Orthopedics

		Intervention		Comparison		Unadjusted DID*		Adjusted DID†
		Pre-post change	P-value	Pre-post change	P-value	Estimate (95% CI)	P-value	Estimate (95% CI)	P-value
Cardiology	Visits per FTE	− 17.17	< 0.001	− 32.43	< 0.001	15.22 (10.51, 19.93)	< 0.001	8.48 (3.13, 13.81)	0.002
	RVUs per FTE	− 20.61	< 0.001	− 53.27	< 0.001	32.75 (25.45, 40.05)	< 0.001	25.17 (17.05, 33.29)	< 0.001
	Patients per day per provider	− 1.26	< 0.001	− 1.31	< 0.001	0.04 (− 0.24, 0.32)	0.771	− 0.22 (− 0.56, 0.13)	0.215
Orthopedics	Visits per FTE	− 4.33	0.133	− 20.33	< 0.001	15.76 (9.61, 21.91)	< 0.001	12.50 (5.17, 19.83)	0.001
	RVUs per FTE	− 1.51	0.671	− 21.67	< 0.001	19.89 (11.86, 27.92)	< 0.001	17.26 (7.43, 27.10)	0.001
	Patients per day per provider	− 0.67	< 0.001	− 0.66	< 0.001	0.001 (− 0.25, 0.25)	0.993	0.01 (− 0.26, 0.28)	0.937

RVUs relative value units, DID difference-in-differences

^*Clinic and pay period fixed effects only

^†Adjusted for proportion of veterans over age 65, proportion of veterans between ages 35 and 65, proportion of enrollees with priority status 7 or 8, Zillow Home Value Index, Medicare Advantage penetration, NOSOS risk score, proportion of Black enrollees, proportion of American Indian enrollees, proportion of Asian enrollees, and proportion of Native Hawaiian enrollees plus clinic and pay period fixed effects