Table 6.
Difference-in-Differences Results for Patient Satisfaction in Cardiology and Orthopedics
| Intervention | Comparison | Unadjusted DID* | Adjusted DID† | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-post change | P-value | Pre-post change | P-value | Estimate (95% CI) | P-value | Estimate (95% CI) | P-value | |||
| Cardiology | Easy | − 0.01 | 0.888 | − 0.06 | 0.022 | 0.05 (− 0.03, 0.13) | 0.220 | 0.04 (− 0.06, 0.14) | 0.418 | |
| Time that worked | − 0.01 | 0.721 | − 0.04 | 0.095 | 0.03 (− 0.05, 0.11) | 0.475 | 0.01 (− 0.09, 0.11) | 0.865 | ||
| Knew what was expected | 0.01 | 0.733 | 0.05 | 0.064 | − 0.03 (− 0.12, 0.06) | 0.495 | 0.01 (− 0.09, 0.11) | 0.827 | ||
| Listened carefully | 0.02 | 0.669 | 0.05 | 0.049 | − 0.03 (− 0.12, 0.05) | 0.468 | 0.01 (− 0.09, 0.10) | 0.981 | ||
| Explained things | 0.01 | 0.703 | 0.06 | 0.022 | − 0.04 (− 0.13, 0.05) | 0.363 | − 0.01 (− 0.11, 0.10) | 0.945 | ||
| Trust | 0.05 | 0.030 | − 0.01 | 0.611 | 0.05 (0.001, 0.11) | 0.046 | 0.07 (0.01, 0.13) | 0.032 | ||
| Orthopedics | Easy | − 0.05 | 0.282 | − 0.03 | 0.188 | − 0.02 (− 0.12, 0.09) | 0.759 | − 0.01 (− 0.16, 0.15) | 0.977 | |
| Time that worked | − 0.04 | 0.403 | − 0.01 | 0.491 | − 0.02 (− 0.12, 0.08) | 0.716 | 0.01 (− 0.14, 0.17) | 0.414 | ||
| Knew what was expected | 0.04 | 0.398 | 0.05 | 0.061 | − 0.002 (− 0.11, 0.10) | 0.968 | − 0.05 (− 0.21, 0.10) | 0.500 | ||
| Listened carefully | 0.08 | 0.107 | 0.03 | 0.215 | 0.05 (− 0.06 0.15) | 0.401 | − 0.002 (− 0.15, 0.15) | 0.977 | ||
| Explained things | 0.05 | 0.342 | 0.02 | 0.355 | 0.02 (− 0.08, 0.13) | 0.701 | − 0.01 (− 0.17, 0.15) | 0.899 | ||
| Trust | 0.03 | 0.460 | 0.01 | 0.398 | 0.02 (− 0.06, 0.09) | 0.683 | − 0.04 (− 0.14, 0.05) | 0.390 | ||
DID difference-in-differences
Patient satisfaction: easy: “It was easy to get my appointment”; time that worked: “I got my appointment on a date/time that worked for me”; knew what was expected: “After I checked in for my appointment, I knew what to expect”; listened carefully: “My provider listened carefully to me”; explained things: “My provider explained things in a way that I could understand”; trust: “I trust this clinic for my healthcare needs”
*Clinic and pay period fixed effects only
†Adjusted for proportion of veterans over age 65, proportion of veterans between ages 35 and 65, proportion of enrollees with priority status 7 or 8, Zillow Home Value Index, Medicare Advantage penetration, NOSOS risk score, proportion of Black enrollees, proportion of American Indian enrollees, proportion of Asian enrollees, and proportion of Native Hawaiian enrollees plus clinic and pay period fixed effects