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. 2023 Jul 19;13:11654. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38355-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Humoral and cellular responses to Bordetella pertussis stimulation in patients with COPD compared to controls. To measure immune responses to Pertussis vaccine, blood from n = 8 control donors and n = 13 patients was withdrawn at baseline and at day 7 or 28 days upon vaccination. (A) TFH cells (CD3+ CD4+ CXCR5+ PD1+) and plasmablasts cells (CD19+ CD38+) were measured by flow cytometry (LSRII, BD Biosciences), at baseline (D0) and 7 days (D7) after pertussis vaccination in COPD patients (n = 12) and controls (n = 8). (B) Anti-pertussis circulating immunoglobulin G (anti-PT IgG) antibodies were measured using enzyme immunoassay at D0 and D7 in COPD patients (n = 11) and controls (n = 6) (Biomnis). (C) T cell specific responses were monitored with intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α following ex vivo PBMC stimulation with Bordetella pertussis peptide pool (filamentous hemagglutinin [FHA], fimbriae 2/3 [Fim2/3], pertactin [PRN], and inactivated pertussis toxin [PT]) antigens) in patients with COPD (n = 12) and controls (n = 7). (D) Concentration of IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α (pg/mL) was measured in culture supernatants from COPD patients (n = 13) and controls (n = 13) using Luminex technology following manufacturer instructions (HCYTMAG-60K-PX41). Supernatants were collected on day 5 after stimulation with Bordetella pertussis peptide. Median values are shown and statistical significance was evaluated by Wilcoxon test; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.