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. 2023 Jul 19;13:11646. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38856-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic hypothesis of the mechanisms underlying the effects of G2-SUISO for treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The beneficial effect of G2-SUISO against hepatic steatosis in NASH elderly rats may occur through the inhibition of lipogenesis pathways by reducing SREBP-1c, ACC and FAS gene expression, thereby causing a reduction in the hepatic fat accumulation and a significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC) levels in serum. The administration of G2-SUISO can decrease lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, iNOS, CCR-2, IFN-γ, OPN, IL-1β and IL-6, which modulate liver damage in CDHCFF diet-fed rats. G2-SUISO might also up-regulated anti-inflammatory molecules, such as HO-1, which suppressed NF-κB and inflammatory cytokine expression. G2-SUISO is therefore able to reduce the activities of AST and ALT in the serum of NASH elderly rats. Furthermore, G2-SUISO was found to exert anti-apoptotic effects as well by down-regulating pro-apoptotic molecules, such as caspase-9, caspase-3 and Bax via down-regulation of NF-κB. Overall, this study provides evidence for the beneficial effects of G2-SUISO in reversing the progression of NASH in elderly rats.