Table 1.
Tillage-cum-crop establishments (TCE) drivers for agricultural change of different scenarios.
| Treatment notations | Tillage | Crop establishment | Residue management | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rice | Wheat | Greengram | Rice | Wheat | Greengram | Rice | Wheat | Greengram | |
| scI: RPTR-BCW-ZTM (FP) | Cultivator: 2 passes (dry tillage: DT) Rotavator: 1 pass (wet tillage: WT) | Cultivator: 2 passes Rotavator: 1 pass | Zero till | 25-days old seedlings, manually transplanted with random geometry | Broadcasting | Drill seeding with Happy Seeder | ~30% incorporated in soil | ~30% retained on soil surface | 100% incorporated |
| scII: LPTR-CTW-ZTM (FP) | 25-days old seedlings, manually transplanted in lines at 25 × 15 cm apart. | Drill seeding with Happy Seeder | |||||||
| scIII: CTMTR-ZTW-ZTM (pCA) | Zero-till | 18-days old seedlings, machine transplanting at 23 × 14 cm apart. | ~30% retained on soil surface | ||||||
| scIV: ZTMTR-ZTW-ZTM (CA) | Zero-till (flooding before transplanting) | 18-days old seedlings, machine transplanting at 23 × 14 cm apart. | 100% removed | ||||||
| scV: SRI-SWI-ZTM (pCA) | Cultivator: 2 passes (DT) Rotavator: 1 pass (WT) | Cultivator: 2 passes Rotavator: 1 pass | 12-days old seedlings, manual transplanting at 25 × 25 cm apart. | Manual seeding | ~30% incorporated in soil | 100% incorporated | |||
| scVI: CTDSR-ZTW-ZTM (pCA) | Cultivator: 2 passes Rotavator: 1 pass | Zero-till | Drill seeding at 22.5 cm row spacing | Drill seeding with Happy Seeder | ~30% retained on soil surface | ||||
| scVII: ZTDSR-ZTW-ZTM (CA) | Zero-till | Drill seeding at 22.5 cm row spacing | 100% retained on the soil surface | ||||||