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. 2023 May 25;17(8):1143–1152. doi: 10.1038/s41396-023-01436-7

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Society for Microbial Ecology 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 4 — We face increasing challenges from vector mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases, including rapid invasion by vectors leading to expanded distributions, high adaptive potential of host mosquitoes, challenges in outbreaks of new vectors, and the increasing resistance of mosquitoes to various pesticides and repellents. Mosquitoes and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protists) interact as a holobiont. Holobiont manipulation provide new promising strategies for mosquito-borne diseases control. The application of omics techniques are providing new effective methods to help understand mechanisms underlying mosquito-microbiota interactions.