Table 2.
Geometric means (geometric standard deviations) of element concentrations (mg kg−1) in soil (S), (at the earthworm sampling points), earthworms (E) and earthworm-to-soil concentration ratios (CR) in mixed earthworm species collected from the field and in a mesocosm study with Lumbricus terrestris
| Element | Field | Mesocosm | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S (n = 9) | E (n = 9) | CR | S (n = 5) | E (n = 5) | CR | |
| Ag | 0.14 (1.49) | 0.12 (1.85) | 0.87 (2.58) | 0.01 (1.00) | 0.01 (1.00) | 1.00 (1.00) |
| Al | 7910 (1.18) | 474 (1.88) | 0.06 (1.83) | 7201 (1.09) | 1649 (1.32) | 0.23 (1.31) |
| As | 1.36 (1.53) | 0.39 (1.77) | 0.28 (1.86) | 2.43 (1.05) | 1.29 (1.16) | 0.53 (1.14) |
| B | 3.14 (1.32) | 2.41 (1.41) | 0.77 (1.47) | 1.00 (1.95) | 0.53 (1.03) | 0.53 (1.96) |
| Ba | 53.7 (1.46) | 10.4 (1.36) | 0.19 (1.61) | 45.3 (1.09) | 14.9 (1.58) | 0.33 (1.49) |
| Be | 0.21 (1.47) | < 0.1 | n.a | 0.10 (1.14) | 0.03 (1.03) | 0.26 (1.15) |
| Bi | < 0.1 | < 0.1 | n.a | 0.05 (1.03) | 0.05 (1.03) | 1.02 (1.01) |
| Ca | 3222 (1.21) | 5800 (1.31) | 1.81 (1.45) | 3111 (1.16) | 6292 (1.12) | 2.02 (1.29) |
| Cd | 0.09 (1.22) | 3.52 (2.15) | 40.0 (2.41) | 0.09 (1.07) | 4.11 (1.18) | 40.5 (1.22) |
| Co | 4.41 (1.28) | 3.48 (1.75) | 0.79 (1.91) | 3.59 (1.06) | 8.61 (1.21) | 2.39 (1.20) |
| Cr | 17.1 (1.19) | 1.45 (1.73) | 0.08 (1.84) | 12.4 (1.11) | 3.51 (1.34) | 0.28 (1.29) |
| Cu | 15.3 (1.89) | 11.4 (1.56) | 0.74 (2.05) | 30.6 (1.08) | 21.7 (1.06) | 0.71 (1.12) |
| Fe | 14,253 (1.34) | 982 (1.81) | 0.07 (1.98) | 12,886 (1.08) | 3036 (1.31) | 0.23 (1.33) |
| K | 1321 (1.34) | 9106 (1.07) | 6.89 (1.33) | 1088 (1.09) | 8661 (1.21) | 7.96 (1.21) |
| Li | 8.11 (1.34) | 0.54 (2.06) | 0.07 (2.31) | 5.81 (1.23) | 1.29 (1.89) | 0.22 (1.56) |
| Mg | 3358 (1.34) | 1093 (1.29) | 0.33 (1.33) | 3645 (1.07) | 1450 (1.15) | 0.39 (1.12) |
| Mn | 163 (1.47) | 55.9 (1.47) | 0.34 (1.43) | 100 (1.11) | 37.2 (1.29) | 0.37 (1.28) |
| Mo | 2.01 (2.71) | 0.82 (1.74) | 0.41 (2.54) | 2.59 (1.31) | 1.34 (1.11) | 0.52 (1.35) |
| Na | 138 (1.12) | 3323 (1.11) | 24.0 (1.16) | 160 (1.25) | 3618 (1.39) | 22.7 (1.74) |
| Ni | 10.9 (1.37) | 2.31 (1.74) | 0.21 (1.77) | 11.1 (1.05) | 4.34 (1.25) | 0.39 (1.24) |
| P | 659 (1.13) | 10,075 (1.06) | 15.3 (1.16) | 880 (1.13) | 9133 (1.15) | 10.4 (1.21) |
| Pb | 8.95 (1.84) | 1.91 (2.35) | 0.21 (3.87) | 4.61 (1.09) | 1.49 (1.36) | 0.32 (1.28) |
| Rb | 16.7 (1.31) | 10.6 (1.21) | 0.64 (1.36) | 10.6 (1.18) | 9.65 (1.12) | 0.91 (1.16) |
| S | 501 (1.71) | 7918 (1.06) | 15.8 (1.71) | 558 (1.25) | 7151 (1.15) | 12.8 (1.36) |
| Sb | < 0.02 | < 0.02 | n.a | 0.03 (1.03) | 0.03 (1.03) | 1.02 (1.01) |
| Se | < 0.5 | 1.45 (1.91) | n.a | 0.58 (1.32) | 3.89 (1.15) | 6.77 (1.19) |
| Si | 345 (1.05) | 327 (1.34) | 0.95 (1.32) | n.m | n.m | n.m |
| Sr | 21.9 (1.13) | 18.7 (1.26) | 0.85 (1.28) | 11.6 (1.29) | 10.0 (1.16) | 0.85 (1.35) |
| Th | 2.44 (1.14) | 0.14 (1.83) | 0.06 (2.01) | 1.69 (1.31) | 0.43 (1.86) | 0.26 (1.71) |
| Ti | 1220 (1.11) | 56.7 (2.04) | 0.05 (1.89) | 743 (1.29) | 153 (1.29) | 0.21 (1.33) |
| Tl | 0.16 (1.81) | 0.07 (1.39) | 0.42 (1.84) | 0.14 (1.36) | 0.07 (1.51) | 0.49 (1.15) |
| U | 4.38 (4.84) | 1.39 (7.31) | 0.32 (3.29) | 39.1 (1.23) | 11.9 (1.26) | 0.31 (1.54) |
| V | 34.3 (1.42) | 2.09 (2.26) | 0.06 (2.58) | 29.4 (1.10) | 6.78 (1.36) | 0.23 (1.34) |
| Zn | 33.0 (1.37) | 518 (1.71) | 15.6 (2.04) | 28.0 (1.09) | 345 (1.21) | 12.3 (1.32) |
n.a. = value is not available because element concentration in earthworms or soil was below detection limit
n.m. = Si concentrations were not measured in the mesocosm study