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. 2023 Apr 4;46(4):909–931. doi: 10.1007/s13402-023-00786-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Invadopodia formation/activity is enhanced in GBM cells treated with RT/TMZ. (A) Zymographic analysis of conditioned serum-free OptiMEM.® medium 24 h post-RT/TMZ treatment showing increased MMP-2 secretion from the GBM cells in response to treatment. (B) Representative confocal images of untreated or RT/TMZ treated GBM cells seeded on FITC-labelled gelatin for 24 h (Scale bar, 33 μm). Graphical representation of observed increases in (C) FITC-gelatin degradation, (D) total actin puncta per cell and (E) active actin puncta per cell in response to RT/TMZ treatment of the GBM cells. (n = 3 experiments; Mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, NS = non-significant; unpaired two-tailed student’s test)