Table 2.
Group differences on demographic and substance use characteristics.
| Total | Group | |||||||
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| MA-ACT | MA-REM | POLY-ACT | POLY-REM | CTL | X 2 | P | ||
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| N | 241 | 44 | 55 | 24 | 55 | 63 | ||
| Sex (% Male) | 154 (64%) | 22 (50%)a | 44 (80%)b | 12 (50%)a | 46 (84%)b | 30 (48%)a | 28.402 | .000 |
| Race (% White) | 207 (86%) | 38 (86%)a | 50 (91%)a | 23 (96%)a | 43 (78%)a | 53 (84%)a | 5.968 | .202 |
| Opioid Dep (%)* | 30 (38%) | – | – | 9 (38%) | 21 (38%) | – | 0.423 | .809 |
| Alcohol Dep (%)* | 23 (29%) | – | – | 3 (13%) | 20 (36%) | – | 4.611 | .032 |
| Marijuana Dep (%)* | 28 (35%) | – | – | 9 (38%) | 19 (35%) | – | 0.283 | .868 |
| Cocaine Dep (%)* | 5 (6%) | – | – | 1 (4%) | 4 (7%) | – | 0.665 | .717 |
| Sedative Dep (%)* | 6 (8%) | – | – | 2 (8%) | 4 (7%) | – | 0.287 | .866 |
| Stimulant Dep (%)* | 1 (1%) | – | – | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | – | 0.780 | .677 |
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| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F | p | |
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| Age | 38.50 (11.00) | 43.55 (9.57)a | 36.16 (10.37)b | 43.13 (10.46)a | 38.65 (9.98)a,b | 35.13 (11.90)b | 5.92 | <.0001 |
| Education, years | 12.52 (1.54) | 12.73 (1.37)a,b | 11.93 (1.41)c | 12.21 (1.69)a,c | 12.25 (1.48)a,c | 13.25 (1.48)b | 7.12 | <.0001 |
| Parent Educ, years | 13.41 (2.92) | 12.71 (3.36)a,b | 13.10 (2.78)a,b | 12.21 (2.70)a | 13.56 (2.54)a,b | 14.44 (2.83)b | 3.87 | .424 |
| Age of MA onset | 20.77 (8.46) | 20.32 (8.36)a | 20.40 (8.31)a | 23.50 (10.34)a | 20.30 (7.77)a | – | 0.97 | .410 |
Note. For non-continuous variables, data is reported as number (%), and results reflect chi square tests. For continuous variables, data is reported as mean (SD), and results reflect analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures followed by post hoc comparisons with Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons. Superscript letters (a, b and c) denote study groups whose proportions or means do not differ significantly at the .05 level; study groups with different superscript letters have proportions or means that significantly differ at the .05 level.
Group differences in opioid, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, sedative, and stimulant dependence (Dep) include polysubstance use groups only (POLY-ACT & POLY-REM). MA-ACT=Adults with active MA dependency; MA-REM=Adults in early remission from MA dependence; POLY-ACT=Adults actively using MA and at least one other substance; POLY-REM=Adults in early remission from MA dependence and at least one other substance; CTL=Adults without any history of substance use disorder; Education (years) = Total number of years of education; Parent Educ (years) = Total number of parent’s years of education; Age of MA onset=Age of first MA use.