. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2023;34(1):35–57. doi: 10.1353/hpu.2023.0004

Table 4.

RESULTS OF HIERARCHICAL REGRESSION ANALYSES FOR SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION AND POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER^a

	Model 1—Social Support (Full Scale)						Model 2—Social Support from Friends
Independent Variables	Depressive Symptoms			PTSD Symptoms			Depressive Symptoms			PTSD Symptoms
Sample	Full Sample	Non- Abused	Abused	Full Sample	Non- Abused	Abused	Full Sample	Non- abused	Abused	Full Sample	Non- abused	Abused
Step 1: Demographics
Age	−.06	0	−.13	−.1	−.05	−.14	−.06	0	−.14	−.1	−.06	−.15
Sexual Identity	.06	.06	.03	−.01	.03	−.1	.06	.06	.04	−.02	.04	−.12
Abuse Status	.26^***			.33^***			.26^***			.33^***
R²	.14	0	.05	.2	.01	.05	.14	0	.05	.2	.01	.05
F	12.66^***	.09	2.45	19.50^***	.52	2.47	12.66^***	.09	2.45	19.50^***	.52	2.47
Step 2: Main Predictor
Discrimination	.33^***	.22^*	.50^***	37^***	.28^**	.58^***	.33^***	.24^**	.51^***	37^***	.28^**	.59^***
R²	.24	.06	.21	.33	.09	.3	.24	.06	.21	.33	.09	.3
ΔR²	.1	.06	.16	.13	.08	.25	.1	.06	.16	.13	.08	.25
ΔF	29.41^***	8.76^**	19.03^***	42.72^***	12.33^**	33.69^***	29.41^***	8.76^**	19.03^***	42.72^***	12.33^**	33.69^***
Step 3: Protective Factors
Social Support (full scale)	−.08	−.14	−.01	−.14^*	−.04	−.28^**
Social support (subscales)
Friends							−.09	−.16	−.02	−.15^**	−.1	−.24^**
R²	.24	.08	.21	.35	.09	.39	.25	.09	.21	.35	.1	.36
ΔR²	.01	.02	0	.02	0	.09	.01	.03	0	.02	.01	.06
ΔF	1.74	2.54	.28	6.97^**	.22	13.56^***	2.35	3.72	.27	7.51^**	1.32	9.20^**
Step 4: Moderator
Social support (subscales)
Discrimination * Friends									.22^*
R²									.25
ΔR²									.04
ΔF									4.63^*
	Model 3—Social Support from Family						Model 4—Social Support from Significant Other
Independent Variables	Depressive Symptoms			PTSD Symptoms			Depressive Symptoms			PTSD Symptoms
Sample	Full Sample	Non− Abused	Abused	Full Sample	Non− Abused	Abused	Full Sample	Nonabused	Abused	Full Sample	Nonabused	Abused
Step 1: Demographic Variables
Age	−.06	.01	−.12	−.1	−.05	−.14	−.06	.01	−.13	−.1	−.05	−.14
Sexual Identity	.07	.06	.04	0	.03	−.08	.06	.05	.03	−.01	.02	−.09
Abuse Status	.26^***			.34^***			29^***			.35^***
R²	.14	0	.05	.2	.01	.05	.14	0	.05	.2	.01	.05
F	12.66^***	.09	2.45	19.50^***	.52	2.47	12.66^***	.09	2.45	19.50^***	.52	2.47
Step 2: Main Predictor
Discrimination	.31^***	.21^*	.44^***	.36^***	.29^**	.55^***	.33^***	.24^**	.48^***	.38^***	.29^**	.62^***
R²	.24	.06	.21	.33	.09	.3	.24	.06	.21	.33	.09	.3
ΔR²	.1	.06	.16	.13	.08	.25	.1	.06	.16	.13	.08	.25
ΔF	29.41^***	8.76^**	19.03^***	42.72^***	12.33^**	33.69^***	29.41^***	8.76^**	19.03^***	42.72^***	12.33^**	33.69^***
Step 3: Protective Factors
Social support (subscales)
Family	−.12	−.15	−.12	−.15^**	−.03	−.35^***
Significant Other							.02	−.03	.07	−.06	.01	−.15
R²	.25	.08	.22	.35	.09	.42	.24	.06	.21	.33	.09	.33
ΔR²	.01	.02	.01	.02	0	.12	0	0	0	0	0	.03
ΔF	3.8	2.76	1.68	7.64^**	.04	19.71^***	.05	.15	.25	1.45	.02	3.79

Notes

Full sample N=236; Non- abused participants N=138; Abused participants only N=98; All standardized regression coefficients are from the final step in the analyses.

p< .05

^**

p< .01

^***

p< .001(2-tailed)