TABLE 3.

Model-estimated mean change (95% CI) in skin carotenoids and model-estimated percentage change in geometric mean (95% CI) plasma carotenoids at wk 3 and wk 6 after the intervention

Model	group/effects	Mean changes in skin carotenoid score			% Change in geometric means of plasma total carotenoid concentration
		Wk 3	Wk 6	Between time P	Wk 3	Wk 6	Between time P
1	Control	9.34 (-−1.14, 19.8)	11.9 (0.16, 23.6)	0.582	1% (−3%, 6%)	1% (−5%, 7%)	0.922
1	Moderate dose	28.0 (15.6, 40.5)	59.0 (42.0, 76.1)	<0.001	26% (20%, 32%)	30% (23%, 38%)	0.136
1	High dose	62.3 (49.6, 74.9)	123 (105, 141)	<0.001	51% (40%, 62%)	61% (49%, 73%)	0.015
1	Between group P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.0011	<0.001	<0.001	0.1481
2	Control	8.24 (−2.59, 19.1)	10.8 (−1.03, 22.6)	0.580	1% (−3%, 6%)	1% (−4%, 7%)	0.923
2	Moderate dose	30.1 (18.1, 42.0)	61.1 (44.8, 77.5)	<0.001	27% (21%, 32%)	31% (24%, 39%)	0.136
2	High dose	62.3 (50.0, 74.5)	123 (106, 141)	<0.001	52% (42%, 63%)	62% (51%, 75%)	0.014
2	Between group P	<0.001	<0.001	<0.0011	<0.001	<0.001	0.1431

Note: The estimated mean and % changes are computed by averaging across sites and race/ethnicities and at the means of the BMI and baseline level. Model 1: change in outcome = site + race + group + time + group×time; Model 2: change in outcome = site + race + baseline BMI + baseline outcome + group + time + group×time; 1: P values for the interaction effect of the group×time.