TABLE 1.
Selected baseline characteristics of study participants by ginseng consumption status and cancer status, Shanghai Women's Health Study, 1996–2016
| Characteristics | Regular ginseng use |
Cancer |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Cohorts, n | 47,780 | 17,952 | 60,665 | 5067 |
| Age1, y | 51.1 (8.5) | 55.1 (9.1) | 51.9 (8.8) | 55.1 (9.2) |
| WHR1 | 0.810 (0.1) | 0.813 (0.1) | 0.811 (0.1) | 0.818 (0.1) |
| BMI1 (kg/m2) | 24.2 (3.2) | 24.2 (3.2) | 24.2 (3.2) | 24.7 (3.4) |
| Education2 | ||||
| No formal education | 8.3 | 12.6 | 9.2 | 13.3 |
| Elementary school or less | 8.8 | 14.1 | 10.0 | 13.3 |
| Middle school | 40.9 | 30.0 | 38.3 | 33.3 |
| High school graduate | 29.0 | 27.0 | 28.7 | 26.0 |
| Some college and higher | 13.0 | 16.3 | 13.9 | 14.1 |
| Household income2 | ||||
| Low | 15.7 | 14.8 | 15.3 | 16.8 |
| Middle | 75.1 | 73.8 | 74.7 | 74.9 |
| High | 9.2 | 11.4 | 9.9 | 8.3 |
| Currently married2 | 90.3 | 86.8 | 89.5 | 88.0 |
| Ever diagnosed with comorbidity2,3 | 49.6 | 62.1 | 52.5 | 59.3 |
| Ever diagnosed with hypertension2 | 21.3 | 28.4 | 22.8 | 29.3 |
| Ever diagnosed with diabetes2 | 3.4 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 5.6 |
| Regularly consumed vitamin supplements2 | 5.6 | 11.0 | 7.1 | 6.7 |
| Regularly consumed calcium supplements2 | 16.3 | 26.5 | 19.0 | 19.9 |
| Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA)2 | 30.5 | 45.9 | 34.3 | 39.5 |
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA): physical activities that are performed at the discretion of the individual and are not essential daily activities.
1
Values are mean ± SD
2
Values are a percentage value.
3
Comorbidity includes a diagnosis of any of the following: bronchitis, hepatitis, heart, asthma, gastritis, pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, hypertension, diabetes, and lung tuberculosis.