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. 2023 Jun 13;13(4):427–439. doi: 10.3233/JPD-239901

Table 3.

Trials by therapeutic category

NUMBER OF TRIALS BY THERAPEUTIC CATEGORY
Category Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 TOTAL
Anti-inflammatories 3 6.4% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 3 2.2%
Antioxidants 1 2.1% 2 2.8% 1 5.0% 4 2.9%
Cell therapy 10 21.3% 2 2.8% 0 0.0% 12 8.6%
Dopaminergic symptom relief - DA agonist 7 14.9% 1 1.4% 6 30.0% 14 10.1%
Dopaminergic symptom relief - LD reformulation 3 6.4% 2 2.8% 3 15.0% 8 5.8%
Dopaminergic symptom relief - other 5 10.6% 1 1.4% 1 5.0% 7 5.0%
Energy and mitochondria 0 0.0% 3 4.2% 0 0.0% 3 2.2%
GBA 1 2.1% 2 2.8% 0 0.0% 3 2.2%
GLP-1 agonists 0 0.0% 4 5.6% 1 5.0% 5 3.6%
Kinase inhibitors 1 2.1% 3 4.2% 0 0.0% 4 2.9%
LRRK2 1 2.1% 1 1.4% 1 5.0% 3 2.2%
Microbiome/GIT 4 8.5% 3 4.2% 1 5.0% 8 5.8%
Neurotrophic factors 2 4.3% 1 1.4% 0 0.0% 3 1.4%
Non-dopaminergic symptom relief - Adrenergic 0 2.1% 3 4.2% 1 5.0% 4 2.9%
Non-dopaminergic symptom relief - Cholinergic 0 0.0% 3 2.8% 2 10.0% 5 3.6%
Non-dopaminergic symptom relief - NMDA 0 0.0% 7 9.9% 0 0.0% 7 5.0%
Non-dopaminergic symptom relief - Serotoninergic 1 2.1% 8 11.3% 1 5.0% 10 7.2%
Non-dopaminergic symptom relief - other 1 2.1% 12 16.9% 0 0.0% 13 9.4%
Targeting alpha- synuclein 6 12.8% 6 8.5% 2 10.0% 14 10.1%
Other DMT 1 2.1% 8 11.3% 0 0.0% 9 6.5%
TOTAL 47 100% 72 100% 20 100% 139 100%