Table 1.
Characteristics of patients reported to have developed POTS-like symptoms following COVID-19 Vaccination
| Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 4 | Patient 5 | Patient 6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 40 years | 42 years | 46 years | 37 years | 21 years | 46 years |
| Gender | Male | Male | Female | Female | Female | Female |
| Country | South Korea | USA | USA | USA | USA | USA |
| First dose | Moderna | Pfizer-BioNTech | Pfizer-BioNTech | Moderna | Pfizer-BioNTech | Pfizer-BioNTech |
| Second dose | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Third dose | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| POTS Symptom onset | 7-days post first dose | 24 hours post first dose | 1.5 hours post first dose | 1 week post first dose | 12 days post first dose | 2 weeks post first dose |
| Symptoms | Intermittent headache, palpitation, fatigue, and dyspnoea | Generalized fatigue, headache, and myalgia. On day 7 also developed sinus tachycardia and presyncope episodes | Erythema, urticaria, paraesthesia, light-headedness, tremors, rapid heart rate, Raynaud’s Phenomenon, and marked fatigue | Light-headedness, racing heart, weakness, tiredness, difficulty concentrating, blurry vision, shakiness, vertigo, and clamminess | Light headache, palpitation, weakness, and difficulty thinking | Lightheadedness, nausea, fatigue, poor concentration, palpitations, and brain fog |
| Other medical conditions | None | Hypothyroidism and B12 vitamin deficiency (both are controlled using medications) | None | Seasonal allergy and depression. Patient takes vortioxetine (serotonin reuptake inhibitor) | None | None |
| Past medical history | Not significant | Left-sided orchiectomy for cryptorchidism | Allergic rhinitis, COVID-19 infection (9 months before vaccination) | Not significant | Not significant | Not significant |
| Previously known reactions to other vaccines | None | None | – | – | – | – |
| Medical Interventions | Propranolol for 2 months | Lifestyle modification (compression stocking, increased sodium intake) | Lifestyle modification and Ivabradine | Ivabradine | Metoprolol and Fludrocortisone | Fludrocortisone and Propranolol |
| Resolution | Five months from symptom onset | Patient suffers from symptoms at time of publication | Patient suffers from mild symptoms still 8 months post treatment start | Patient reported improvement in symptoms | Patient reported improvement in symptoms | Patient reported improvement in symptoms |
| Reference | Park et al., [4] | Reddy et al., [5] | Hermel et al., [6] | Eldokla and Numan [7] | Eldokla and Numan [7] | Eldokla and Numan |