TABLE 2.

Effects of different concentrations of L‐proline (Lp) and fulvic acid (FA) on buffalo sperm total and progressive at post‐thawed stage of cryopreservation. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

Parameters	Control	Lp‐10	Lp‐20	Lp‐40	Lp‐60	Lp‐80	FA‐0.2	FA‐0.5	FA‐0.8	FA‐1.1	FA‐1.4	FA‐1.7
Total motility (%)	55.47±1.19de	57.41±1.16d	64.59±1.76bc	68.45±1.69ab	62.30±1.54c	51.18±1.25f	48.11±1.37g	53.72±1.48ef	58.24±1.56d	64.07±1.89bc	66.21±1.15b	71.49±1.31a
Progressive motility (%)	25.31±1.84d	25.74±1.52d	31.26±1.38c	36.43±1.75b	30.14±1.96c	19.02±1.47e	15.69±1.20f	22.10±1.33d	26.77±1.09d	30.07±1.50c	33.84±1.16bc	40.23±1.47a

Control (C): Tris‐based extender without antioxidant; Lp‐10: Tris‐based extender + L‐proline (10 mM); Lp‐20: Tris‐based extender + L‐proline (20 mM); Lp‐40: Tris‐based extender + L‐proline (40 mM); Lp‐60: Tris‐based extender + L‐proline (60 mM); Lp‐80: Tris‐based extender + L‐proline (80 mM); FA‐0.2: Tris‐based extender + fulvic acid (0.2%); FA‐0.5: Tris‐based extender + fulvic acid (0.5%); FA‐0.8: Tris‐based extender + fulvic acid (0.8%); FA‐1.1: Tris‐based extender + fulvic acid (1.1%); FA‐1.4: Tris‐based extender + fulvic acid (1.4%); FA‐1.7: Tris‐based extender + fulvic acid (1.7%). Different superscripts within the same row demonstrate significant differences (p ≤ 0.05).