. 2023 May 8;9(4):1666–1674. doi: 10.1002/vms3.1154

TABLE 7.

The effect of experimental treatments on the morphology of the small intestine jejunum of broilers.

Treatments	PC	COP	SP_0.2	SP_0.3	PR_0.5SP_0.2	PR_0.5SP_0.3	PR₁	SEM	p Value
Villus length (μm)	896^d	943^cd	1268^ab	1446^a	1138^bc	1177^bc	976^cd	28.5	0.0001
Crypt depth (μm)	176	157	144	157	192	181	157	4.78	0.163
Villus length/crypt depth (μm)	5.55^c	6.11^bc	8.78^ab	9.20^a	6.25^bc	6.54^abc	6.13^bc	0.230	0.0184
Surface area(μm)	781^b	833^b	1003^ab	1076^a	882^ab	936^ab	852^ab	18	0.0040

Note: Means in same row that do not have a common superscript have significant differences (p < 0.05).

PC: first positive control (with antibiotics), COP: second positive control (commercial probiotic), SP_0.2: 0.2 g of Spirulina platensis powder, SP_0.3: 0.3 g of Spirulina platensis powder, PR₀.₅SP_0.2: 0.2 g of Spirulina platensis powder and 0.5 g of native probiotics, PR₀.₅SP_0.3: 0.3 g of Spirulina platensis powder and 0.5 g of native probiotics, PR₁:1 g of native probiotics.