Table 4.
Clinical, hemodynamic, and cellular analysis in non-syndromic vs. children with Down syndrome with left-to-right shunts.
| Variable, median (IQR) or n (%) | Total group (n = 74) | DS (n = 11) | non-syndromic (n = 63) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 6 (2.75–10) | 6 (3–7) | 6 (2–10) | 0.860 |
| Gender, Female | 43 (58) | 6 (54) | 37 (59) | 0.795 |
| Diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| PDA | 39 (53) | 4 (36) | 35 (56) | 0.078 |
| VSD | 13 (18) | 5 (45) | 8 (13) | |
| AVSD | 2 (3) | 1 (9) | 1 (2) | |
| APW | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| ASD | 18 (24) | 1 (9) | 17 (27) | |
| TA | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| Systolic PAP, mmHg | 43 (30–56) | 60 (50–60) | 40 (30–55) | 0.011 |
| Mean PAP, mmHg | 28 (18–35) | 35 (28–40) | 24 (17–33) | 0.015 |
| PVRi, WU | 2.15 (1.5–2.72) | 2.4 (1.7–3.7) | 2 (1.5–2.6) | 0.176 |
| PVRi/SVRi | 0.16 (0.10–0.22) | 0.25 (.19-.3) | 0.15 (.10-.21) | 0.059 |
| Qp/Qs | 3.5 (2.4–5.1) | 3.7 (3.4–6.4) | 3.3 (2.3–4.9) | 0.138 |
| EPC cells/106 | ||||
| SVC | 34 (20–56) | 48 (28–56) | 32 (20–56) | 0.290 |
| PA | 58 (32–85) | 72 (68–88) | 44 (28–84) | 0.030 |
| Systemic | 40 (20–49) | 44 (32–68) | 36 (16–48) | 0.065 |
| CEC cells/106 | ||||
| SVC | 52 (24–81) | 32 (20–44) | 60 (28–92) | 0.020 |
| PA | 56 (28–87) | 60 (36–84) | 48 (28–96) | 0.354 |
| Systemic | 44 (28–90) | 32 (16–96) | 48 (28–88) | 0.442 |