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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 20.
Published in final edited form as: J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2023 Mar 30;142:105788. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105788

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

Comparison of the length scales and modeling approaches for past tissue-level RVFW studies (top) and current RTE modeling (bottom). “Top-down” fitting is used to determine RTE-level constitutive parameters, whereas “bottom-up” homogenization is used to replicate bulk tissue mechanical behavior. RVFW image adapted from Hill et al. (2014a) and Avazmohammadi et al. (2017d). The reader is referred to Avazmohammadi et al. (2017d) for the definition of terms in the structurally-based model formulation.