Table 1. Demographic and Baseline Characteristics.
| Variable | No. (%) | P valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 200) | Treatment (n = 120) | Control (n = 80) | ||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 43.1 (11.9) | 42.6 (11.7) | 43.9 (12.3) | .22 |
| Female | 160 (80.0) | 100 (83.3) | 60 (75.0) | .50 |
| Male | 40 (20.0) | 20 (17.7) | 20 (25.0) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 85 (42.5) | 56 (46.7) | 29 (36.3) | .30 |
| Married | 81 (40.5) | 42 (35.0) | 39 (48.8) | |
| Divorced | 34 (17.0) | 22 (18.3) | 12 (15.0) | |
| Have children | 164 (82.0) | 100 (83.3) | 64 (80.0) | .36 |
| Education level | ||||
| No formal education/elementary educationb | 49 (24.5) | 31 (25.8) | 18 (22.5) | .97 |
| High school | 85 (42.5) | 51 (42.5) | 34 (42.5) | |
| College/technical school | 66 (33.0) | 38 (31.7) | 28 (35.0) | |
| Unemployed | 133 (66.5) | 79 (65.8) | 54 (67.5) | .30 |
| Diagnoses (MINI) | ||||
| GAD | 25 (12.5) | 15 (12.5) | 10 (12.5) | .97 |
| PTSD | 148 (74.0) | 89 (74.2) | 59 (73.8) | >.99 |
| MDD | 129 (64.5) | 79 (65.8) | 50 (62.5) | .86 |
| PD | 80 (40.0) | 50 (41.7) | 30 (37.5) | .67 |
| ≥2 Diagnoses | 136 (68.0) | 83 (69.2) | 53 (66.3) | .48 |
| Outcome measures | ||||
| PCL-5, mean (SD) | 51.1 (15.0) | 51.4 (15.5) | 50.7 (14.3) | .72 |
| PHQ-somatic score, mean (SD) | 22.4 (4.7) | 22.7 (4.8) | 21.9 (4.5) | .23 |
| PHQ-depression score, mean (SD) | 24.6 (6.3) | 24.9 (6.6) | 24.3 (5.7) | .49 |
| PHQ-anxiety score, mean (SD) | 16.9 (3.2) | 16.8 (3.3) | 17.1 (3.0) | .51 |
| ODSIS score, mean (SD) | 13.2 (4.7) | 13.3 (4.6) | 13.1 (4.9) | .80 |
| OASIS score, mean (SD) | 12.5 (5.0) | 12.7 (5.0) | 12.3 (5.0) | .62 |
| QLESQ score, mean (SD) | 43.3 (8.4) | 43.0 (8.7) | 43.6 (8.0) | .63 |
| WHODAS score, mean (SD) | 1.3 (0.7) | 1.3 (0.8) | 1.2 (0.7) | .19 |
Abbreviations: GAD, generalized anxiety disorder; MDD, major depression disorder; MINI, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; OASIS, Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale; ODSIS, Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale; PCL-5, posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5; PD, panic disorder; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder; QLESQ, Quality-of-Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire; WHODAS, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale.
a
t Test and χ2 test.
b
No formal education and elementary education categories were combined to prevent identifiability of participants.