Table 1. Clinical Trials and In Vivo Studies on the Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Mucilage (MC)a.
| study | subject | dose of MC | results | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| clinical trial | randomized, double blind, crossover study applied on 15 diabetic patients | pudding containing yellow mustard MC (15.5 g, 3.10 wt %), flaxseed MC (11.4 g, 2.28 wt %), fenugreek gum (5.9 g, 1.18 wt %) three times daily for 2 weeks | ↓ BG, insulin, and ↑ intestinal viscosity significantly | (48) |
| double blind, randomized, and placebo controlled study applied on 72 obesity patients | flaxseed MC (2560 mg and 1280 mg twice daily for 12 weeks) | ↓ BW (p < 0.001), TC (p = 0.038), TG (p = 0.040), compared to placebo group | (49) | |
| in vivo | hypercholesterolemic rabbits | fenugreek seeds MC (40 mg/kg for 3 months) | ↓ TC, TG, and LDL (p < 0.05) | (50) |
| hypercholesterolemic rats | diet containing 10% Lepidium sativum MC for 3 weeks | ↓ TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL | (51) | |
| hyperlipidemic rats | Cordia dichotoma MC (0.50 and 1.00 g/kg) for 4 weeks | ↓ TC and LDL | (52) | |
| diabetic rats | Aloe vera MC (1.2 g daily for 6 weeks) | ↑ genes involved in lipid metabolism | (53) | |
| hyperlipidemic rats | flaxseed or cress seed mucilage (40 mg/kg for 4 weeks) | ↓ TC, TG, LDL, and MDA | (54) | |
| diabetic rats | Aloe vera MC (1 mL daily for 3 weeks) | ↓ TC, TG, and BG | (34) | |
| rats | HFD plus Nopal MC 500 mg/kg daily for 30 days | ↓TC, TG, BG, and abdominal circumference | (55) | |
| hyperlipidemic rabbits | Trigonella foenum-graecum MC (75 mg/kg for 90 days) | ↓TC, TG, LDL, and ↑HDL | (56) | |
| diabetic mice | okra MC (150 mg/kg for 21 days) | ↓TC, TG, LDL, and BG | (57) |
a
BW, body weight; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; V-LDL, very low density lipoprotein; BG, blood glucose; HFD, high fructose diet. MDA, malondialdehyde.