Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of study population according to overall Paleolithic Diet score
| Characteristics | Overall | Quartiles of overall paleolithic diet score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 (22–37) | Quartile 2 (38–40) | Quartile 3 (41–44) | Quartile 4 (45–63) | ||
| Number of participants | 74721 | 17183 | 14829 | 20958 | 21751 |
| Paleolithic diet score | 42 ± 5 | 35 ± 3 | 39 ± 1 | 42 ± 1 | 48 ± 3 |
| Age | 65 ± 6 | 65 ± 6 | 65 ± 6 | 65 ± 6 | 65 ± 6 |
| Female | 39251 (53) | 5220 (30) | 6511 (44) | 11719 (56) | 15801 (73) |
| Race | |||||
| White (%) | 69962 (93.6) | 16327 (95.0) | 13952 (94.1) | 19667 (93.8) | 20016 (92.0) |
| Non-white (%) | 4759 (6.4) | 856 (5.0) | 877 (5.9) | 1291 (6.2) | 1735 (8.0) |
| Education level | |||||
| High-school graduate or less (%) | 20571 (28) | 5448 (32) | 4390 (30) | 5587 (27) | 5146 (24) |
| Some college or college graduate (%) | 54150 (73) | 11735 (68) | 10439 (70) | 15371 (73) | 16605 (76) |
| Body mass index at baseline (kg/m2) | 27 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 | 27 ± 5 |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never (%) | 36566 (49) | 7351 (43) | 6894 (47) | 10538 (50) | 11783 (54) |
| Current (%) | 6062 (8.1) | 2014 (11.7) | 1399 (9.4) | 1526 (7.3) | 1123 (5.2) |
| Former (%) | 32093 (43) | 7818 (46) | 6536 (44) | 8894 (42) | 8845 (41) |
| Family history of colorectal cancer | |||||
| No (%) | 65411 (88) | 15029 (88) | 12951 (87) | 18402 (88) | 19029 (88) |
| Yes, or possible (%) | 9310 (13) | 2154 (13) | 1878 (13) | 2556 (12) | 2722 (13) |
| History of diverticulitis or diverticulosis (%) | 4944 (6.6) | 1066 (6.2) | 943 (6.4) | 1379 (6.6) | 1556 (7.2) |
| History of colon comorbidity (%) | 957 (1.3) | 195 (1.1) | 189 (1.3) | 294 (1.4) | 279 (1.3) |
| History of colorectal polyp (%) | 4820 (6.5) | 1153 (6.7) | 1001 (6.8) | 1391 (6.6) | 1275 (5.9) |
| History of diabetes (%) | 4142 (5.5) | 888 (5.2) | 794 (5.4) | 1201 (5.7) | 1259 (5.8) |
| Aspirin user (%) | 34,760 (47) | 8298 (48) | 6946 (47) | 9800 (47) | 9716 (45) |
| Physical activity level (min/week) | 130 ± 120 | 110 ± 120 | 120 ± 120 | 130 ± 120 | 140 ± 130 |
| Energy intake from diet (kcal/day) | 1700 ± 720 | 1900 ± 720 | 1800 ± 760 | 1700 ± 740 | 1600 ± 660 |
| Healthy eating Index-2015 | 67 ± 10 | 62 ± 10 | 65 ± 9 | 68 ± 9 | 72 ± 8 |
| Nutrients intakes | |||||
| Total calcium (mg/day) | 1020 ± 520 | 960 ± 510 | 950 ± 520 | 1010 ± 520 | 1120 ± 500 |
| Dietary sodium (g/day) | 2700 ± 1200 | 2900 ± 1100 | 2800 ± 1200 | 2700 ± 1200 | 2600 ± 1100 |
| Alcohol (g/day) | 10 ± 25 | 12 ± 29 | 11 ± 28 | 9 ± 24 | 7 ± 18 |
| Total protein (g/day) | 67 ± 30 | 69 ± 29 | 67 ± 31 | 67 ± 31 | 65 ± 29 |
| Carbohydrate (g/day) | 220 ± 90 | 240 ± 88 | 220 ± 91 | 220 ± 92 | 210 ± 85 |
| Total fat (g/day) | 63 ± 33 | 68 ± 33 | 64 ± 34 | 62 ± 34 | 58 ± 31 |
Descriptive statistics are presented as (mean ± standard deviation) and number (percentage) for continuous and categorical