Table 3.
Summary of direction of effect of birth in a surgical unit
| Author/year | Mortality | Length of stay | Age first enteral feed | Days to full enteral feeding | PN duration | Morbidity | Overall direction of effect (D) of birth in surgical centre |
| Congenital diaphragmatic hernia | |||||||
| Al-Shanafey et al, 200217 | ◄► | ◄► | |||||
| Algert et al, 200812 | ▼ | ▼ | |||||
| Aly et al, 201021 | ▼* | ▼* | |||||
| Boloker et al, 200222 | ◄► | ◄► | |||||
| Carmichael et al, 202023 | ▼* | ▼* | |||||
| Gallot et al, 200718 | ▼ | ▼ | |||||
| Nagata et al, 201320 | ◄► | ◄► | |||||
| Nasr and Langer, 201115 | ▼* | ▼* | |||||
| Putnam et al, 201629 | ◄►* | ◄►* | |||||
| Sola et al, 201024 | ◄► | ◄► | |||||
| Stopenski et al, 202230 | ◄►* | ◄►* | |||||
| Gastroschisis | |||||||
| Algert et al, 200812 | ◄► | ◄► | |||||
| Dalton et al, 201725 | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ||
| Hong et al, 201926 | ◄►* | ◄►* | ◄►* | ||||
| Kandasamy et al, 200913 | ◄► | ◄► | ◄► | ||||
| Kitchanan et al, 200014 | ▼ | ▼ | ▼ | ◄►* | |||
| Nasr and Langer, 201216 | ◄►* | ◄►* | ◄►* | ◄►* | ◄►* | ◄►* | |
| Savoie et al,27 | ◄►* | ▼* | ▼* | ▼* | ▼* | ▼* | |
| Oesophageal atresia/tracheo-oesophageal fistula | |||||||
| Algert et al, 200812 | ◄► | ◄► | |||||
| Schlee et al, 202219 | ◄► | ▼ | ◄► | ◄► | |||
| Wang et al, 201428 | ◄► | ◄► | |||||
Outcomes of interest and the overall direction of effect of birth in a surgical centre compared with birth outside a surgical centre (D) showed for each study included.
Arrows denote harm (▲), benefit (▼) or conflicting evidence (◄►).
Red colour—‘poor’ quality, yellow colour—‘fair’ quality, green colour—‘good’ quality.
*denotes studies carried out case-mix adjustments.