Table 3.
Relationship between REAP-S v.2 scale items and selected nutrients
| Scale Item | Outcomes (Nutrients/Minerals/Vitamins) | Every Day | More Than 2 Times A Week | 2 Or Fewer Times A Week | Never | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Insufficiency/Food Sufficiency | ||||||
| Not feeling well | Log (total calories) g | 5.40 (0.42) | 5.25 (0.24) | 5.33 (0.26) | 5.30 (0.30) | 0.6579 |
| Log(protein) g | 4.68 (0.60) | 4.33 (0.60) | 4.47 (0.31) | 4.48 (0.43) | 0.2447 | |
| Eat < 2 meals per day | Log (total calories) g | - | 5.3 (0.24) | 5.28 (0.25) | 5.31 (0.29) | 0.8432 |
| Log(protein) g | - | 4.44 (0.40) | 4.44 (0.28) | 4.47 (0.40) | 0.9032 | |
| Eat less than 3 oz per day of high protein | Log(protein) g | 4.31 (0.46) | 4.38 (0.39) | 4.32 (0.30) | 4.58 (0.39) | 0.0004 |
| Log (iron) mg | 3.10 (0.65) | 2.75 (0.41) | 2.66 (0.35) | 2.76 (0.39) | 0.0766 | |
| Consume less than 2 servings of a calcium-rich food | Calcium mg | 846.88 (361.17) | 833.38 (373.54) | 922.88 (312.56) | 1053.21 (371.34) | 0.0274 |
| Log(vitamin D) mcg | 1.36 (0.79) | 1.58(0.73) | 1.59 (0.65) | 1.64 (0.62) | 0.7230 | |
| Healthy Dietary Pattern | ||||||
| Eat 3 or more servings of vegetables per day | Vegetable cups | 3.20 (1.21) | 2.52 (0.98) | 1.92 (1.06) | 1.15 (0.65) | < 0.0001 |
| Log(Vitamin C) | 4.84 (0.68) | 4.61 (0.54) | 4.17 (0.70) | 4.08 (0.16) | < 0.0001 | |
| Log (folate) | 6.38 (0.53) | 6.37 (0.38) | 6.33 (0.44) | 6.12 (0.40) | 0.6897 | |
| Log (potassium) | 8.08 (0.34) | 7.97 (0.29) | 7.80 (0.36) | 7.88 (0.30) | 0.0005 | |
| Log (dietary fiber) | 3.25 (0.49) | 3.17 (0.32) | 2.95 (0.43) | 2.88 (0.23) | 0.0010 | |
| Eat 2 or more servings of fruit per day? | Fruit cups | 2.09 (1.16) | 1.46 (0.79) | 0.95 (0.86) | 0.33 (0.34) | < 0.0001 |
| Log(Vitamin C) | 4.71 (0.81) | 4.60 (0.55) | 4.27 (0.69) | 4.01 (0.55) | 0.0006 | |
| Log (folate) | 6.38 (0.46) | 6.44 (0.40) | 6.27 (0.44) | 6.13 (0.45) | 0.0414 | |
| Log (potassium) | 8.06 (0.34) | 7.96 (0.32) | 7.85 (0.33) | 7.65 (0.35) | 0.0008 | |
| Log (dietary fiber) | 3.22 (0.45) | 3.17 (0.41) | 2.99 (0.40) | 2.78 (0.26) | 0.0012 | |
| Eat 2 or more servings of whole grain products or high fiber starches a day? | Log (whole grain) | 1.06 (0.51) | 0.83 (0.45) | 0.56 (0.51) | 0.54 (0.76) | < 0.0001 |
| Log (folate) | 6.42 (0.46 | 6.30 (0.46) | 6.30 (0.27) | 6.04 (0.48) | 0.1414 | |
| Log (dietary fiber) | 3.15 (0.42) | 3.10 (0.41) | 2.94 (0.46) | 2.86 (0.23) | 0.0913 | |
| Eat fish, shellfish or other seafood? | Log (seafood) | 2.52 (2.02) | 1.44 (1.19) | 1.01 (1.04) | 0.28 (0.60) | 0.0635 |
| Log (iron) mg | 3.15 (0.36) | 2.84 (0.60) | 2.70 (0.35) | 2.78 (0.40) | 0.1929 | |
| Eat beans, peas, lentils or other legumes? | Log(beans) | 0.80 (0.67) | 0.41 (0.46) | 0.21 (0.33) | 0.11 (0.17) | < 0.0001 |
| Log(iron) mg | 3.17 (0.49) | 2.70 (0.36) | 2.72 (0.39) | 2.74 (0.39) | 0.0562 | |
| Log(dietary fiber) | 3.77 (0.61) | 3.21 (0.44) | 3.07 (0.39) | 2.92 (0.33) | < 0.0001 | |
| Eat tree nuts, peanuts or nut butters? | Log(nuts) | 0.80 (0.83) | 0.25(0.80) | 0.13 (0.81)) | -0.16 (0.70) | 0.0019 |
| Monounsaturated Calories gm | 1.35 (0.30) | 1.42 (0.40) | 1.48 (0.31) | 1.21 (0.39) | 0.0328 | |
| Saturated Fat calories gm | 1.16 (0.44) | 1.20 (0.35) | 1.28 (0.39) | 1.08 (0.34) | 0.1780 | |
| Log (total calories) gm | 5.40 (0.35) | 5.32 (0.25) | 5.28 (0.26) | 5.22 (0.29) | 0.1267 | |
| Use olive oil, peanut oil or other vegetable oils? | Oil Tsp | 5.25 (2.61) | 5.16 (2.60) | 4.76 (2.76) | 4.50 (2.59) | 0.7474 |
| Monounsaturated Calories gm | 1.47 (0.33) | 1.47 (0.37) | 1.28 (0.32) | 1.09 (0.41) | 0.0021 | |
| Saturated Fat calories gm | 1.28 (0.45) | 1.23 (0.38) | 1.15 (0.26) | 0.94 (0.36) | 0.1141 | |
| Low Nutrient Density | ||||||
| Eat high fat meats | Log (meat, poultry, egg) | 1.71 (0.73) | 1.52 (0.64) | 1.27 (0.62) | 0.82 (0.81) | 0.0381 |
| Saturated Fat calories gm | 1.21 (0.36) | 1.33 (0.29) | 1.21 (0.42) | 1.08 (0.37) | 0.0284 | |
| Total Fat Calories gm | 3.82 (0.83) | 3.84 (0.60) | 3.90 (0.90) | 3.57 (0.64) | 0.1948 | |
| Square Root (Cholesterol) | 21.51 (8.72) | 18.63 (5.14) | 16.94 (4.84) | 14.72 (5.08) | 0.0007 | |
| Log (protein) gm | 4.64 (0.52) | 4.56 (0.33) | 4.48 (0.37) | 4.29 (0.34) | 0.0025 | |
| Eat more than 1 tablespoon of cooking or table fats | Saturated Fat calories gm | 1.13 (0.43) | 1.38 (0.47) | 1.25 (0.32) | 1.10 (0.36) | 0.0060 |
| Square Root (Cholesterol) | 19.48 (7.44) | 17.03 (4.29) | 16.85 (4.88) | 17.20 (6.93) | 0.6840 | |
| Drink 12 oz or more of non-diet soda, fruit drink/punch, fruit juice or Kool-Aid per day? | Total sugars gm | 98.60 (33.78) | 99.88 (38.26) | 82.88 (33.97) | 70.60 (30.65) | 0.0103 |
| Carbohydrate gm | 270.40 (47.45) | 253.50 (57.50) | 225.60 (56.62) | 212.76 (71.04) | 0.1072 | |
| Log (total calories) gm | 5.43 (0.13) | 5.48 (0.15) | 5.34 (0.23) | 5.29 (0.30) | 0.1590 | |
| Eat sweets | Total Sugar gm | 73.30 (28.50) | 80.62 (37.19) | 74.69 (29.9) | 66.03 (30.57) | 0.2839 |
| Added sugar | 144.82 (50.58) | 138.80 (90.94) | 119.84 (76.15) | 74.83 (50.26) | 0.0026 | |
| Log (total calories) gm | 5.30 (0.16) | 5.33 (0.27) | 5.28 (0.28) | 5.35 (0.34) | 0.5854 | |
| Saturated Fat calories gm | 1.34 (0.40) | 1.28 (0.34) | 1.16 (0.37) | 1.16 (0.45) | 0.2022 | |
| Total Fat Calories gm | 3.94 (0.79) | 3.88 (0.74) | 3.73 (0.70) | 3.76 (0.97) | 0.6827 | |
| Eat packaged snack foods | Log (sodium) | 8.19 (0.22) | 7.98 (0.34) | 7.90(0.31) | 7.87(0.50) | 0.2379 |
| Log (total calories) gm | 5.40 (0.19) | 5.33 (0.24) | 5.30 (0.25) | 5.30 (0.37) | 0.8664 | |
| Eat meals from restaurants | Log (total calories) gm | 5.68 (0.20) | 5.26 (0.27) | 5.32 (0.25) | 5.28 (0.36) | 0.2116 |
| Log (sodium) | 8.67 (0.23) | 7.96 (0.37) | 7.93 (0.33) | 7.81 (0.45) | 0.0083 | |
| Total Fat Calories gm | 3.39 (1.02) | 3.67 (0.68) | 3.87 (0.81) | 3.72 (0.73) | 0.4736 | |
| Saturated Fat calories gm | 1.06 (0.55) | 1.19 (0.34) | 1.22 (0.38) | 1.21 (0.44) | 0.9189 | |
| Total sugars gm | 81.50 (54.45) | 68.0 (40.04) | 74.77 (28.06) | 78.49 (35.77) | 0.6254 | |
| Prepare meals at home | Log (total calories) gm | 5.03 (0.25) | 5.29 (0.24) | 5.29 (0.26) | 5.37 (0.30) | 0.0353 |
| Log (sodium) | 7.54 (0.49) | 7.87 (0.38) | 7.96 (0.35) | 7.94 (0.38) | 0.0533 | |
| Saturated Fat calories gm | 3.09 (0.81) | 3.68 (0.83) | 3.84 (0.72) | 3.86 (0.78) | 0.1021 | |
| Log (dietary fiber) gm | 2.68 (0.35) | 3.08 (0.36) | 3.02(0.40) | 3.21(0.44) | 0.0053 | |
| Have more than 1 alcoholic drink per day | Log (total calories) gm | - | 5.39 (0.20) | 5.31(0.27) | 5.29(0.30) | 0.6035 |
| Log (alcohol) | - | 3.0 (2.26) | 1377 (2.17) | 0.39(1.15) | 0.1083 | |
| Walk for at least one mile | Log (total calories) gm | 5.37(0.28) | 5.27(0.29) | 5.22(0.15) | 5.42 (0.15) | 0.0334 |