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. 2023 Jul 19;9(3):e001644. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001644

Table 1.

Classification of sports into high, moderate and low risk with respect to eye injuries

Classification High risk Moderate risk Low risk
Definition Small, high speed, dense projectiles close to athletes, air rifle; paintball, hard, dense projectiles, fingers close to athletes or use of bat or stick High-speed ball, use of bat or stick, aggressive body contact Not involve a thrown or hit ball, a stick or bat, or aggressive play
Examples Badminton, baseball/softball, basketball, cricket, fencing, field hockey, ice hockey, lacrosse, squash, tennis, boxing, wrestling, judo American football, archery/darts, Australian football, rugby, football (soccer), volleyball, water polo Athletics, cycling, rowing, canoeing, skiing, swimming, diving, waterskiing