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Country characteristics: GDP, Mortality and Vaccination Rates. Countries are ranked in order of increasing GDP per capita in 2021 in all panels. Standard deviations and error bars are not shown. (A) Actual annual GDP values from the World bank database for 29 European countries. (B) Excess mortality estimates, and COVID-19 confirmed deaths from the OWID database (C) The percentage of people who received two doses of vaccine (primary series) at certain dates.
