Table 4. Comparison of pre- and postoperative stress response indicators.
| Variables | Subxiphoid group (n=54) | Control group (n=54) | t-value | p |
| Mean±SD | Mean±SD | |||
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | ||||
| D1 (preoperative) | 2.8±3.3 | 3.8±1.7 | -1.924 | 0.057 |
| D1 | 16.7±7.1 | 196±8.2 | -1.995 | 0.049 |
| D7 | 10.7±1.6 | 14.2±3.1 | -7.385 | <0.001 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | ||||
| D1 (preoperative) | 2.6±1.8 | 3.0±1.356 | -1.231 | 0.221 |
| D1 | 28.0±14.1 | 40.0±16.5 | -4.076 | <0.001 |
| D7 | 8.6±4.5 | 12.6±3.9 | -4.888 | <0.001 |
| TNF-α (ng/mL) | ||||
| D1 (preoperative) | 8.2±5.6 | 7.3±3.3 | 1.045 | 0.298 |
| D1 | 25.3±8.1 | 33.6±13.4 | -3.888 | <0.001 |
| D7 | 10.2±4.7 | 18.2±9.0 | -5.831 | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | ||||
| D1 (preoperative) | 6.2±2.9 | 51±3.1 | 1.863 | 0.065 |
| D1 | 44.7±44.2 | 69.6±75.6 | -2.091 | 0.039 |
| D7 | 11.4±10.0 | 27.1±18.6 | -5.480 | <0.001 |
| SD: Standard deviation; IL-1β: Interleukin 1β; D1: First day after surgery; D7: Seventh day after surgery; IL-6: Interleukin 6; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | ||||