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. 2023 Jul 6;14:1155170. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1155170

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Copyright © 2023 Krokene, Kohmann, Huynh and Mageroy

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Growth in 2-year-old Norway spruce plants after application of different chemicals on the stem bark. Left panels: treatment with high concentrations of salicylic acid (SA; 500 mM), oxalic acid (OxA; 200 mM) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA; 100 mM). Right panels: treatment with different MeJA concentrations (0, 5, 25, 50, 100 mM). Height growth was measured over a 9-week period after chemical treatment. Current-year sapwood area, total bark area, and tracheid numbers in the current-year sapwood were determined on stem cross-sections sampled 9 weeks after chemical treatment and visualized using a microscope. Bars represent treatment group means ± 95% confidence interval of the mean. Points represent individual replicates. Number inside the bars indicate the sample size (n). Treatment groups which do not share the same letter are significantly different (1-way ANOVA (~ treatment) followed by Tukey post-hoc test, p < 0.05).