Figure 4.

Accumulated pine weevil-inflicted mortality of 2-year-old Norway spruce plants over three growing seasons following planting in the field. Shortly before planting, the stem of the plants was treated with the pyrethroid Gori 920 LX (Gori), 100 mM methyl jasmonate (MeJA), mechanical wounding (wound) or remained untreated as a control. Black bars = dead plants that had been completely girdled by the weevils; grey bars = plants with no or moderate weevil damage. n = 30 plants per treatment. Treatment groups that do not share the same letter are significantly different (Wald Chi square [~ treatment + (1|year)] followed by Tukey post-hoc, p < 0.05).