Age, mean, years (SD) |
64.3 (9.1) |
64.9 (9.9) |
64.2 (9.0) |
0.82 |
Female sex (%) |
34 (42.5) |
4 (40.0) |
30 (42.9) |
1 |
Race (%) |
|
|
|
|
White |
69 (86.3) |
9 (90.0) |
60 (85.7) |
0.33 |
Other |
11 (13.7) |
1 (10.0) |
10 (14.3) |
|
Married/Living as married (%) |
54 (68.4) |
7 (70.0) |
47 (68.1) |
0.2 |
Education (%) |
|
|
|
|
Less than high school |
2 (2.5) |
0 (0.00) |
2 (2.9) |
0.82 |
High school degree or some college |
36 (45.6) |
6 (60.0) |
30 (43.5) |
|
College degree |
18 (22.8) |
2 (20.0) |
16 (23.2) |
|
Post-graduate studies/degree |
23 (29.1) |
2 (20.0) |
21 (30.4) |
|
Income (%) |
|
|
|
|
Less than 50,000$ annually |
25 (33.8) |
4 (40.0) |
21 (32.8) |
0.96 |
50,000 – 99,999$ annually |
23 (31.1) |
3 (30.0) |
20 (31.3) |
|
Over 100,000$ annually |
26 (35.1) |
3 (30.0) |
23 (35.9) |
|
Physiologic parameters |
BMI, mean (SD) |
32.4 (22.3) |
31.8 (8.0) |
32.5 (23.7) |
0.86 |
Systolic BP, mean (SD) |
130.4 (15.3) |
134.5 (16.9) |
129.9 (15.1) |
0.37 |
Diastolic BP, mean (SD) |
76.5 (8.0) |
79.8 (6.5) |
76.0 (8.1) |
0.16 |
HR, mean (SD) |
72.8 (15.0) |
71.8 (22.9) |
72.9 (13.7) |
0.88 |
Past Medical History (%) |
Vascular Disease |
20 (25.0) |
3 (30.0) |
17 (24.3) |
0.7 |
Valvular Disease |
8 (10.0) |
0 (0) |
8 (11.4) |
0.59 |
Diabetes Mellitus |
19 (23.8) |
1 (10.0) |
18 (25.7) |
0.44 |
COPD |
6 (7.5) |
0 (0.0) |
6 (8.6) |
1 |
Renal disease |
3 (3.8) |
1 (10.0) |
2 (2.9) |
0.33 |
Major bleeding event or predisposition to bleeding |
5 (6.3) |
1 (10.0) |
4 (5.7) |
0.5 |
Congestive Heart Failure |
5 (6.3) |
1 (10.0) |
4 (5.7) |
0.5 |
Essential Hypertension |
62 (77.5) |
8 (80.0) |
54 (77.1) |
1 |
Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
22 (27.5) |
2 (20.0) |
20 (28.6) |
0.72 |
Prior myocardial infarction |
14 (17.5) |
2 (20.0) |
12 (17.1) |
1 |
Hyperlipidemia |
67 (83.8) |
9 (90.0) |
58 (82.9) |
1 |
Stroke History (%) |
Stroke |
65 (81.3) |
8 (80.0) |
57 (81.4) |
1 |
TIA |
22 (27.5) |
4 (40.0) |
18 (25.7) |
0.45 |
Residual Neurologic Deficits |
27 (33.8) |
2 (20.0) |
25 (35.7) |
0.6 |
Medication use (%) |
Anticoagulants |
10 (12.5) |
1 (10.0) |
9 (12.9) |
1 |
Antiplatelets |
70 (87.5) |
9 (90.0) |
61 (87.1) |
1 |
Antihypertensives |
45 (56.3) |
3 (30.0) |
42 (60.0) |
0.09 |
Anti-arrhythmic medications |
2 (2.5) |
0 (0.0) |
2 (2.9) |
1 |
Beta blockers |
37 (46.3) |
5 (50.0) |
32 (45.7) |
1 |
Statins |
73 (91.3) |
10 (100.0) |
63 (90.0) |
0.59 |