Table 1.
Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and associations with hope.
| Characteristic | Total (N=70) | Mann-Whitney U test |
|---|---|---|
| P-value | ||
| Age (years) | 60.29±12.33 | |
| Male, n (%) | 47 (67.14%) | |
| Married, n (%) | 53 (75.71%) | |
| Widower, n (%) | 17 (24.28%) | |
| Elementary school, n (%) | 18 (25.71%) | 35.85±4.66 P=0.23 |
| High school, n (%) | 25 (35.71%) | 37.26±4.97 |
| University education, n (%) | 14 (20.0%) | 36.12±4.71 |
| Professionally active, n (%) | 36 (51.42%) | |
| Unemployed, n (%) | 4 (5.71%) | |
| Retired, n (%) | 30 (42.85%) | |
| Income up to 1 monthly minimum wage*, n (%) | 12 (17.14%) | 35.4±5.84 P=0.37 |
| Between 1 and 3 minimum wages*, n (%) | 58 (82.85%) | 37.26±4.67 |
| Number of people in the family | 3.29±1.35 | |
| Has religion, n (%) | 64 (91.42%) | 37.53±4.57 P≤0.01 |
| Practices religion, n (%) | 48/64 (75.0%) | 38.79±4.25 P≤0.01 |
| Spiritual/religious activity(ies) per month, n (%) | 4.38±2.49 | |
| Overall score on the HHS | 36.94±4.89 | |
| Coexisting conditions | ||
| Systemic arterial hypertension, n (%) | 63 (90.0%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 27 (38.57%) | |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 23 (32.85%) | |
| Family history of CVD, n (%) | 62 (88.57%) | |
| Alcoholism, n (%) | 15 (21.42%) | |
| Time of exposure to alcohol (years) | 23.13±19.32 | |
| Former smoker, n (%) | 31 (44.28%) | |
| Active smoker, n (%) | 9 (12.85%) | |
| Time of exposure to tobacco (years) | 28.19±15.31 | |
| Sedentary lifestyle, n (%) | 44 (62.85%) | |
| Previous cardiac surgery, n (%) | 11 (15.71%) | 36.18±5.19 P=0.43 |
| Admission diagnosis | ||
| Aneurysm, n (%) | 6 (8.57%) | 34.33±1.21 P=0.15 |
| Acute myocardial infarction, n (%) | 37 (52.85%) | 37.49±5.19 P=0.36 |
| Valvular insufficiency, n (%) | 22 (31.42%) | 37.09±4.88 P=0.93 |
| Arterial occlusion, n (%) | 5 (7.14%) | 34.4±2.7 P=0.23 |
| Designated procedure | ||
| Aneurysm repair, n (%) | 6 (8.57%) | |
| Valvuloplasty, n (%) | 6 (8.57%) | |
| Valve replacement, n (%) | 2 (2.85%) | |
| Myocardial revascularization, n (%) | 36 (51.42%) | |
| Revascularization and valve replacement, n (%) | 2 (2.85%) | |
| Valve replacement, n (%) | 18 (25.71%) |
*
Minimum wage was equivalent to R$937.00 (Brazilian Real) per month at the time of data collection
CVD=cardiovascular disease; HHS=Herth Hope Scale