Table 3.

Crude and adjusted odds ratios of factors associated with the occurrence of depressive symptoms among study participants who attended adult outpatient clinics in four primary health centers in Sebeta Town, Ethiopia; 2020.

Characteristics	Categories	DepressionSymptoms (N)	No depressionsymptoms (N)	COR (95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)
Grouped agein years	18–24	46	93	1	1
	25–31	31	106	0.59 (0.35–1.01)	0.36 (0.14–0.92)*
	32 and above	30	78	0.78 (0.45–1.35)	0.37 (0.13–1.07)
Marital status	Married or cohabiting	27	185	1	1
	Unmarried	80	92	5.96 (3.60–9.85)**	3.40 (1.56–7.40)**
Grouped numberof children	No children	65	13	1	1
	1–3 children	37	116	0.65 (0.41–1.05)	1.84 (0.74–4.55)
	4–8 children	5	28	0.37 (0.14–0.99)*	1.21 (0.23–6.24)
Highest level of education achieved	Elementary school	26	111	1	1
	Secondary schooland above	81	166	2.08 (1.26–3.45)**	1.71 (0.77–3.80)
Residence	Rural	10	11	1	1
	Urban	97	266	0.40 (0.17–0.97)*	1.92 (0.39–9.55)
Average monthlyincome	0–1000 ETB	29	95	1	1
	1001–2500 ETB	35	104	1.10 (0.63–1.94)	1.24 (0.52–2.95)
	2501–20,000 ETB	43	78	1.81 (1.03–3.16)*	1.97 (0.77–5.01)
Number of diagnoses	One	87	253	1	1
	Two and above	20	24	2.42 (1.28–4.60)**	1.34 (0.50–3.58)
Perceived worseningof illness	Not worsening	23	191	1	1
	Worsening	84	86	8.11 (4.79–13.74)**	3.67 (1.73–7.77)**
History of depressionin first degree relatives	No	68	267	1	1
	Yes	39	10	15.31 (7.28–32.22)**	3.78 (1.40–10.23)**
Perceived social support	Poor social support	81	79	1	1
	Moderate socialsupport	10	124	0.08 (0.04–0.16)**	0.16 (0.06–0.41)**
	Strong social support	16	74	0.21 (0.11–0.39)**	0.23 (0.09–0.63)**
Perceived stressscale (PSS)				1.38 (1.27–1.51)**	1.1 (0.98–1.25)
Adverse childhoodeffects (ACE)				1.73 (1.46–2.06)**	1.28 (0.98–1.66)
Current consumption ofpsychoactive substances	No alcohol	59	229	1	1
	Alcohol	48	48	3.88 (2.37–6.35)**	2.73 (1.22–6.1)*
	No khat	40	236	1	1
	Khat	67	41	9.64 (5.77–16.11)**	5.43 (2.55–11.56)**

^*p < 0.05. **p < 0.01-statisticaly significant association.