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. 2023 Jul 6;14:1219692. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1219692

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Copyright © 2023 Van Holm, Lauwens, De Wever, Schuermans, Zayed, Pamuk, Saghi, Fardim, Bernaerts, Boon and Teughels.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Promised dose, colony forming units (CFU), live-and total cells of each product. Products were ranked on the x-axis in descending order from the average of live or viable-but-not-culturable (VBNC) probiotics according to Table 1. Data are presented as the base ten logarithm of the number of cells recovered from the products (Table 1) and analysed through a dilutions series plated on MRS agar (CFU), viability qPCR (live) and regular qPCR (total) from replicates on separate days (n = 3). Promised doses are presented as the per unit CFU dose.