a,b) The average reference shape of aortic root for patients with TAV versus BAV in two orientations colored by luminal radius and indicating the locations of left coronary (LC), right coronary (RC), and non-coronary (NC) sinuses. c) Three slices of the reference shape showing the LVO, sinus of valva (SoV), and STJ. d) A polar contour plot of the luminal radius where inner radius is the LVO and outer radius is the STJ. e) Radius and f) ellipticity of the reference shapes along the length of the root. g) Polar contour plot of the p-values comparing the luminal radius of TAV and BAV roots.