Table 1.
Clinical, radiological, and pathological features of patients with histological or molecular glioblastomas.
| All Glioblastomas (n=191) | Histological Glioblastomas (n=146) | Molecular Glioblastomas (n=45) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis, year | 55.5 ± 14.7 | 56.9 ± 14.1 | 50.8 ± 15.8 | 0.015 |
| Age ≥ 60, n/% | 80, 41.9% | 66, 45.2% | 14, 31.1% | 0.094 |
| Age ≥ 70, n/% | 31, 16.2% | 27, 18.5% | 4, 8.9% | 0.127 |
| Male, n/% | 100, 52.4% | 75, 51.4% | 25, 55.6% | 0.623 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.8 ± 3.3 | 23.8 ± 3.3 | 23.8 ± 3.2 | 0.910 |
| Neurologic impairment, n/% | 129, 67.5% | 102, 69.9% | 27, 60.0% | 0.217 |
| Motor dysfunction, n/% | 71, 37.2% | 63, 43.2% | 8, 17.8% | 0.002 |
| Sensory dysfunction, n/% | 16, 8.4% | 11, 7.5% | 5, 11.1% | 0.653 |
| Visual field defect, n/% | 16, 8.4% | 13, 8.9% | 3, 6.7% | 0.868 |
| Aphasia, n/% | 41, 21.5% | 33, 22.6% | 8, 17.8% | 0.491 |
| Intracranial hypertension, n/% | 92, 48.2% | 70, 47.9% | 22, 48.9% | 0.912 |
| Epilepsy, n/% | 40, 20.9% | 25, 17.1% | 15, 33.3% | 0.019 |
| Memory deterioration, n/% | 19, 9.9% | 15, 10.3% | 4, 8.9% | 1.000 |
| Changes in personality, n/% | 7, 3.7% | 6, 4.1% | 1, 2.2% | 0.892 |
| Disease duration before admission, week | 5 (2, 13) | 4 (2, 12) | 6 (3, 24) | 0.188 |
| Baseline Karnofsky performance scale, n | 80 (80, 95) | 80 (80, 95) | 90 (80, 95) | 0.496 |
| Extent of surgical resection | ||||
| Gross total resection, n/% | 118, 61.8% | 98, 67.1% | 20, 44.4% | 0.006 |
| Subtotal resection, n/% | 34, 17.8% | 20, 13.7% | 14, 31.1% | 0.008 |
| Biopsy, n/% | 39, 20.4% | 28, 19.2% | 11, 24.4% | 0.444 |
| Postoperative treatment* | ||||
| With the Stupp protocol, % | 75/117, 64.1% | 58/90, 64.4% | 17/27, 63.0% | 0.888 |
| Without the Stupp protocol, % | 42/117, 35.9% | 32/90, 35.6% | 10/27, 37.0% | 0.888 |
| Tumor location (if involved) * | ||||
| Frontal lobe, n/% | 75, 46.3% | 56, 43.4% | 19, 57.6% | 0.145 |
| Temporal lobe, n/% | 68, 42.0% | 52, 40.3% | 16, 48.5% | 0.396 |
| Parietal lobe, n/% | 53, 32.7% | 43, 26.5% | 10, 30.3% | 0.741 |
| Occipital lobe, n/% | 30, 18.5% | 26, 20.2% | 4, 12.1% | 0.289 |
| Insular lobe/thalamus/callosum, n/% | 36, 22.2% | 28, 21.7% | 8, 24.2% | 0.754 |
| Multiple lobes involved, n/% | 85, 52.5% | 64, 49.6% | 21, 63.6% | 0.150 |
| Subtentorial, n/% | 2, 1.2% | 2, 1.6% | 0, 0% | 1.000 |
| Tumor connection to the functional regions* | ||||
| No, n/% | 72, 44.4% | 58, 45.0% | 14, 42.4% | 0.794 |
| Yes, n/% | 90, 55.6% | 71, 55.0% | 19, 57.6% | 0.794 |
| Motor cortex and tract, n/% | 50, 30.9% | 43, 33.3% | 7, 21.2% | 0.179 |
| Sensory cortex and tract, n/% | 31, 19.1% | 21, 16.3% | 10, 30.3% | 0.068 |
| Language area and tract, n/% | 18, 11.1% | 16, 12.4% | 2, 6.1% | 0.469 |
| Visual pathway, n/% | 14, 8.6% | 11, 8.5% | 3, 9.1% | 1.000 |
| T1-weighted image* | ||||
| Hypointensity, n/% | 103/63.6% | 81, 62.8% | 22, 66.7% | 0.680 |
| Mixed (hypo-, iso-, and hyperintensity), n/% |
57/35.2% | 47, 36.4% | 10, 30.3% | 0.510 |
| Isointensity, n/% | 1/0.6% | 0, 0% | 1, 3.0% | 0.204 |
| Hyperintensity, n/% | 1/0.6% | 1, 0.8% | 0, 0% | 1.000 |
| T2-weighted image* | ||||
| Hyperintensity, n/% | 85/52.5% | 66, 51.2% | 19, 57.6% | 0.510 |
| Mixed (hypo-, iso-, and hyperintensity), n/% |
76/46.9% | 63, 48.8% | 13, 39.4% | 0.332 |
| Isointensity, n/% | 1/0.6% | 0, 0% | 1, 3.0% | 0.204 |
| Hypointensity, n/% | 0/0% | 0, 0% | 0, 0% | 1.000 |
| Multiple tumors, n/%* | 30, 18.5% | 25, 19.4% | 5, 15.2% | 0.577 |
| Contrast enhancement, n/%* | 149/92.0% | 123, 95.3% | 26, 78.8% | 0.006 |
| Intratumoral necrosis, n/%* | 131/80.9% | 110, 85.3% | 21, 63.6% | 0.005 |
| Maximal tumor diameter, cm* | 4.1 ± 1.7 | 4.2 ± 1.7 | 3.6 ± 1.5 | 0.092 |
| Edema extending from tumor margin, cm* | 1.8 (1.0, 2.6) | 2.0 (1.1, 2.6) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.7) | 0.167 |
| Maximal diameter of necrosis, cm* | 2.1 (0.8, 3.5) | 2.3 (1.0, 3.7) | 1.0 (0, 2.9) | 0.002 |
| Pathology under the microscope | ||||
| Ki-67 index, %, median, interquartiles |
30 (15, 50) | 30 (20, 50) | 10 (3, 25) | <0.001 |
| WHO grade 4, np/nt, % | 146/191, 76.4% | 146/146, 100% | 0/45, 0% | <0.001 |
| WHO grade 3, np/nt, % | 27/191, 14.1% | 0/146, 0% | 27/45, 60.0% | <0.001 |
| WHO grade 2, np/nt, % | 18/191, 9.4% | 0/146, 0% | 18/45, 40.0% | <0.001 |
| Immunohistochemical presentations | ||||
| ATRX expression, np/nt, % | 83/91, 91.2% | 68/74, 91.9% | 15/17, 88.2% | 0.996 |
| TP53 expression, np/nt, % | 80/147, 54.4% | 67/119, 56.3% | 13/28, 46.4% | 0.345 |
| GFAP expression, np/nt, % | 166/172, 96.5% | 132/137, 96.4% | 34/35, 97.1% | 1.000 |
| Olig2 expression, np/nt, % | 105/112, 93.8% | 82/88, 93.2% | 23/24, 95.8% | 1.000 |
| S-100 expression, np/nt, % | 151/155, 97.4% | 121/124, 97.6% | 30/31, 96.8% | 1.000 |
| Molecular alterations | ||||
|
MGMT promoter methylation, np/nt, % |
52/145, 35.9% | 40/110, 36.4% | 12/35, 34.3% | 0.823 |
| TERT promoter mutation, np/nt, % | 136/182, 74.7% | 100/140, 71.4% | 36/42, 85.7% | 0.507 |
| EGFR amplification, np/nt, % | 46/80, 57.5% | 27/45, 60.0% | 19/35, 54.3% | 0.785 |
| Chromosome- 7 gain/10 loss, np/nt, % |
73/77, 94.8% | 38/41, 92.7% | 35/36, 97.2% | 0.703 |
|
CDKN2A/B homozygous deletion, np/nt, % |
47/68, 69.1% | 27/37, 73.0% | 20/31, 64.5% | 0.452 |
*In this section, analysis was based on the patients who had complete follow-up data of the postoperative treatments.
The bold values in the "P value" column indicated significant P values (<0.05).