Table 1.

Effects of Bifidobacterium on animal models.

Probiotics	Strain	Animal	Interventions	Outcomes	Reference
Bifidobacterium longum	YS108R	C57BL/6 J mice n = 8	0.2 mL once daily fermented milk for 14 days	Proved to decrease disease active index and MPO activity, decreased the expression of IL-6 and IL-17A and maintained the tight junction proteins, increased the expression of mucin2, modulated the gut microbiota	Yan et al. (2020)
Bifidobacterium longum	YS108R	C57BL/6 J mice n = 8	5 × 109 CF/ mL 0.2 mL noce daily for 14 days	Alleviate the colonic damage, increased the level of IL-10, increased the expression of mucin2 and TJP, maintained gut microbiota imbalance.	Yan et al. (2019)
Bifidobacterium longum	51A	BALB/c mice n = 14	5 × 109 CFU/mL 0.1 mL once daily for 17 days	Preserved the intestinal architecture, reduced intestinal permeability, and colon injuries.	Abrantes et al. (2020)
Bifidobacterium longum	LC67	C57BL/6 mice n = 6	1 × 109 CFU once daily for 3 days	Inhibited colon shortening and MPO acitivity, restored disturbance of gut microbiota, improved tight junction protein expression, restored Th17/Treg balance.	Jang et al. (2018)
Bifidobacterium longum	HB5502	C57BL/6c mice n = 6	4 × 109 CFU/dose once daily for 7 days	Improved intestinal inflammation and fecal microbiota imbalance	Chen et al. (2019)
Bifidobacterium longum and Selenium-enriched Bifidobacterium longum	DD98	C57BL/6 mice n = 6	1 × 1010 CFU/kg once daily for 21 days	Decreased the disease severity of UC mice, improved colon lengthened and pathological phenotype, decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress parameters, improved the intestinal barrier integrity, promoted the abundance of health-benefiting taxa.	Hu et al. (2022)
Bifidobacterium longum	NK151, NK173, and NK175	Bifidobacterium longum n = 8 or 10	1 × 109 CFU once daily for 5 days	Both suppressed LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages, alleviated Colonic Inflammation.	Yoo et al. (2022)
Bifidobacterium longum	CECT 7894	C57BL/6 mice n = 6	5 × 108 CFU once daily for 5 days	Decreased weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) scores, colon length shortening, histological damage, increased ZO-1, and Occludin expressions.	Xiao et al. (2022)
Bifidobacterium breve	H4-2 and H9-3	C57BL/6 J mice n = 8	1 × 109 CFU/mL 0.2 mL once daily for 7 days	Increased the expression of mucin, occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1, decreased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and increased IL-10, inhibited the expression of the NF-κB signaling pathway, increased the levels of SCFAs, reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidea, and increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae.	Niu et al. (2022)
Bifidobacterium breve	CCFM683 and BJCP1M6	C57BL/6 J mice n = 8	5 × 109 CFU/mL 0.2 mL once daily for 14 days	Alleviated the inflammation, increased the concentration of mucin2 (MUC2) and goblet cells, up-regulated the tight junction (TJ) proteins and ameliorated the epithelial apoptosis, rebalanced the damaged gut microbiota.	Chen et al. (2021)
Bifidobacterium lactis	A6	C57BL/6 J mice n = 8	4 × 109 CFU once daily for 21 days	Inhibited DSS-induced bodyweight loss and colon shortening, improved intestinal barrier integrity, attenuated the oxidative stress, downregulated TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels and upregulated IL-10 level.	Wang et al. (2022)
Bifidobacterium lactis	BB12	C57BL/6 J mice n = unknown	1.2 × 1010 CFU twice a day for 7 days	Ameliorated DSS-induced colitis, reduced tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated IEC apoptosis	Chae et al. (2018)
Bifidobacterium lactis	5,764	C57BL/6 J or BALB/c mice	5 × 108 CFU once daily for 5 days	Alleviated inflammatory responses.	Hrdý et al. (2020)
Bifidobacterium bifidum	FJSWX19M5	BALB/c mice n = 10	5 × 109 CFU/mL 0.2 mL once daily for 5 weeks	Restored the disruption of the gut microbiota, increased IL-10 levels, alleviated body weight loss, colonic shortening and injury.	Qu et al. (2023)
Bifidobacterium bifidum	FL-276.1 and FL-228.1	BALB/c mice n = 10	1 × 109 CFU/mL 0.1 mL once daily for 22 days	Ameliorated colitis symptoms, improved the intestinal barrier integrity, decreased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α.	Cui et al. (2022)
Bifidobacterium bifidum	WBIN03	BALB/c mice n = 10	1 × 109 CFU/mL 0.3 mL once daily for 4 days.	Regulated the colitis gut microbiota, protected the mucosal barrier system, improved the antioxidant levels, decreased the weight loss and DAI, reduced the expression of TNF-α, up-regulated the expressions of IL-10.	Wang et al. (2018)
Bifidobacterium infantis	ATCC 15697	C57BL/6 mice	2 × 108 CFU/mL 0.2 mL once daily for 21 days	Alleviated colitis symptoms, alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration, improved oxidative stress, reduced the colonic inflammatory cytokine levels.	Sheng et al. (2020)
Bifidobacterium infantis	FJSYZ1M3	C57BL/6 N mice n = 8	1 × 1010 CFU/mL 0.2 mL once daily for 14 days	Improved colitis symptoms, increased the concentration of tight junction proteins, reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enlarged the species richness of gut microbiota	Li et al. (2023)
Bifidobacterium adolescentis	NK98	C57BL/6 mice n = 6	1 × 109 CFU once daily for 5 days	Reduced colon shortening, colonic myeloperoxidase activity, proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and IL-1β expression, and NF-κB activation.	Jang et al. (2019)
Bifidobacterium adolescentis	Reuter 1963	BALB/c mice n = 16	1 × 109 CFU/mL for 7 days	Enlarged the species richness of gut microbiota, improved colitis symptoms.	Ghadimi et al. (2021)
Bifidobacterium adolescentis	ATCC15703	BALB/c mice n = 6	1 × 109 CFU/mL o.3 mL once daily for 21 days	Decreased diarrhea score, spleen weight, and increased colon length.	Fan et al. (2021)
Bifidobacterium adolescentis	IF1-11 and IF1-03	C57BL/6 mice n = 5	5 × 108 CFU once daily for 15 days	Decreased the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, increased IL-10 levels, induced abundant Th17 cells.	Yu et al. (2019)