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. 2023 Jul 6;14:1213959. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1213959

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

A functional scheme of a cardiac MPS. Various stimuli affect the cell block located in the rapid section, where the membrane potential gives rise to intracellular calcium flux, which in turn starts the mechanical contraction. The immediate functional responses can be recorded by measuring membrane potential, intracellular calcium or contractility via various in situ methods. (Bio-)chemical responses can typically be performed in-line, on-line or off-line.